Chapter 9: Reaction Mechanisms, Pathways, Bioreactions and Bioreactors
Pharmacokinetics
Tissue water volumes, flow rates, and perfusion rates for the "standard" 69.4-kg man
| Compartment | Tissue | H2O volume (l) | Blood flow (ml/min) | Perfusion rate (ml/min/ml H2O) | Residence time (min) | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Central \( v_c = 11.56 \) l |
Lungs | 0.37 | 5,000 | 13.33 | 0.07 | a |
| Kidneys | 0.21 | 1,100 | 5.14 | 0.19 | a | |
| Blood | 2.84 | 5,000 | 1.76 | 0.57 | a | |
| Brain | 1.03 | 700 | 0.68 | 1.47 | a | |
| Heart, spleen | 1.18 | 350 | 0.29 | 3.37 | a | |
| Bone | 2.44 | 250 | 0.10 | 10.00 | a | |
| Skin | 3.49 | 300 | 0.085 | 11.63 | a | |
| Fat | 3.76 | 200 | 0.053 | 18.80 | a | |
| Muscle \( v_m = 25.76 \) l |
Muscle | 22.0 | 750 | 0.034 | 29.33 | a |
| Gastrointestinal tract \( v_a = 2.4 \) l |
2.40 | 900 | 0.375 | 2.67 | a, b | |
| Liver \( v_L = 1.08 \) l |
Liver | 1.08 | 1,350 | 1.25 | 0.80 | a, c |
Total body water content is 40.8 l.
aAdapted from M. Rowland, T. N. Tozer, & R. Rowland, Clinical Pharmacokinetics: Concepts and Applications, copyright 1995, with permission of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
bAdapted from R. F. Derr, Simulation studies on ethanol metabolism in different human populations with a physiological pharmacokinetic model, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 82(7), pp. 677-682, copyright 1993, with permission of John Wiley & Sons.
cAdapted from O. A. Larsen, K. Winkler, & N. Tygstrup, "Extra" plasma in the liver calculated from hepatic hematocrit in patients with portacaval anastomosis, Clinical Science 25(3), pp. 357-360, copyright 1963, with permission of Portland Press Ltd.