Motivation

Week 2, Friday

Psychology 360
Lecture Outline
I. Need theory
II. Equity theory
III. Job characteristics
Maslow’s hierarchy theory
five types of needs
physiological, safety, social, esteem, self-actualization
activated in order

Alderfer’s ERG theory
three types of needs
existence, relatedness, and growth
not activated in order

Equity Theory
Balance between inputs and outcomes:
based on perception
compare your grade to similar others
Three states:
“overpayment” = higher grade
“underpayment” = lower grade
“equitable” = grade equal to others
Responses to “underpayment”
behavioral -- reduce effort; plead for a higher grade
psychological rationalization: Grades are overvalued!
Responses to “overpayment”
behavioral -- increase effort, make fewer demands on instructors
psychological rationalization: I'm worth it
Job characteristics model
Job enlargement
change job content by increasing the number of tasks
tasks at same level, horizontal job loading
Job enrichment
change job content by increasing responsibility and control over tasks
tasks at different level, vertical job loading
Enrich-O-Matic
Use the Job Characteristics Model to enrich the following:
Ben Hamper's Cab Shop job
Hints about the Job Characteristics Model:
skill variety, task identity, and task significance affect the meaningfulness of work
autonomy affects responsibility
feedback affects knowledge of results
Copyright © 1996, The Regents of the University of Michigan, All rights reserved.
Revised - November 4, 1996