________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-551. Thu 15 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 157 Subject: 4.551 Qs: English prepositions, Stemming, Phonetics Software Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 13 Jul 93 14:43:40 EDT From: Denni Chiavarini Subject: Query: Use of English Prepositions by Native Speakers 2) Date: 14 Jul 93 13:21:37 EDT From: Subject: Word Stemming/Ref. wanted 3) Date: Wed, 14 Jul 1993 18:06:11 +0000 From: nic@vax.ox.ac.uk Subject: Phonetics Courseware -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 13 Jul 93 14:43:40 EDT From: Denni Chiavarini Subject: Query: Use of English Prepositions by Native Speakers In the process of doing research for my master's thesis on prepositions, I have discovered that their usage varies from region to region of the United States. Currently I am trying to gather information about these variations from native-speakers in different parts of the country. I am looking for people who are willing to complete the following set of sentences taken from free writing samples of ESL students. My purpose is to find out which prepositions native-speakers would use in place of the "errors" made by these students. If you would like to help, please complete the sentences with the prepositions you would use. If there is more than one possibility please feel free to list any or all of them. Also, if there are sentences that you feel do not need a preposition in the blank just put an X. At the end you will find a place to list any state(s) of the United States (any province(s) of Canada, or any other English-speaking country) where you have lived that may have influenced your choices. Knowing your occupation would also be helpful. I will really appreciate all responses but will only be able to use those sent before August 1. I will share my findings with everyone during the week of August 22. Please supply an appropriate preposition: 1. My parents lived in the house _______me in Puerto Rico. 2. ...and begin to put their energies _______achieving positive goals. 3. They are not ready to decide ______ their own. 4. The students are concentrating ______ their education. 5. We must take all factors ______ consideration. 6. Is the student puzzled or confident ______what is being taught? 7. I am sure no one is going to give anyone anything _____ a silver platter. 8. The use of solar systems can replace gasoline and reduce pollution ______ cars. 9. If we are to succeed _____this research... 10. We don't have to worry about an embargo or a cutoff____the supply of oil. 11. I like to get presents, especially _____my birthday. 12. She made a cake _____ me. 13. I am always thinking _____ her. 14. I lived _____ Fort Story for one year. 15. It was not unusual to see people in wigs because_____ that time people wore wigs a lot. 16. I was working ____ an employment agency. 17. When people put their index finger ____ their face... 18. My parents are worried _____ me. 19. They help me _____everything. 20. I am going to tell you about my family. I will begin _____ myself. 21. Taking their backgrounds _____ consideration... 22. Water combined _____ oil can cause problems. 23. I don't believe in abortion as the solution _____the problem. 24. When I first arrived _____ this country... 25. I am going to compare it based _____ the old people of Costa Rica and the United States. 26. Also, it is a vice _____which smokers spend a large amount of money. 27. I got married _____1977 and I went to live _____ a small city in the northwest of Spain. 28. ...but ____the other hand. 29. The World Series baseball game went ____overtime yesterday. 30. Later, I am going to an activity _____my church. 31. In the U.S., there were no women doctors _____1846. 32. All the children bring candy to school to share _____ the other children. 33. Every night I watch news and sports _____TV. 34. We arrived _____New York Airport, _____the United States, _____Dec. 1978. 35. I got a job _____New York City twelve days after we arrived. 36. I like this country because the people are great _____me. 37. ...because all of us laughed _____my jokes. 38. ...when a student is copying the answer _____ the student next to him. 39. When she dropped milk _____ the table... 40. He is _____the seventh grade. 41. The teacher should not deprive the disabled student _____ that right. 42. They shouldn"t continue hanging _______thoughts associated with the "good old days." 43. The U.S. should look _____ the rest of the world and learn about regulated health care. 44. She got married _____ him last year. Places in which you have lived for five years or longer: ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: 14 Jul 93 13:21:37 EDT From: Subject: Word Stemming/Ref. wanted Can somebody please, give me some references for articles - books on word stemming? Thanks Aris Vagelatos Computer Engineering Dept. University of Patras GREECE E-mail: vagelat@grpatvx1.bitnet -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Wed, 14 Jul 1993 18:06:11 +0000 From: nic@vax.ox.ac.uk Subject: Phonetics Courseware I am looking for computer-based packages which are aimed at undergraduates to teach the basics of English phonetics. I know of the UCLA stuff. Can anyone recommend any others? Nicola Nicola Timbrell E-mail: NIC@UK.AC.OX.VAX Oxford ITTI Project Tel: 0865 273226/1 Oxford University Computing Services 13 Banbury Road Oxford OX2 6NN -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-551. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-552. Thu 15 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 116 Subject: 4.552 Epicene Pronouns Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 12 Jul 93 23:00:54 EDT From: Michael Newman Subject: neologistic grammar 2) Date: Wed, 14 Jul 1993 14:35:22 +0700 (GMT+0700) From: Gwyn Williams Subject: Re: An abrupt modern extension 3) Date: Tue, 13 Jul 1993 10:41:25 -0400 (EDT) From: cowan@snark.thyrsus.com (John Cowan) Subject: Re: An abrupt modern extension -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 12 Jul 93 23:00:54 EDT From: Michael Newman Subject: neologistic grammar I enjoyed Sharon Shelly's comments on pronoun borrowings. I think she treated the subject with all the seriousness which it deserves, and I don't wish to add anything more to what has already be said. I would suggest that anyone in- terested in the subject read the last chapter of Dennis Baron's book, Grammar & Gender, titled "The word that failed." Still there is a serious issue lurking behind it. Is anyone aware of any successful gross morphosyntactic manipulation of this sort in any langauge? I would argue that the attempt to impose "he" as epicene pronoun by two- centuries-full of prescriptive grammarians was an UNsuccessful attempt. There is an ample literature which demonstrates that "he" is not perceived as epicene by listeners and readers. Another attempt which was more successful, but was probably less grammatical engineering, was the "no double negative rule" which was, I believe, copied from Latin. I think this is a less drastic case of grammatical manipulation--in other words it does less violence to the linguis- tic system because it affects no paradigm. Still, it remains, it seems, super- imposed on English, at least to the extent that it must be learned anew by each generation of school children. Another case that comes to mind is the norms regarding the use of the subject forms of the pronoun in non-subject position, but I think historically that has always been variable. In any case, doesn't the success or lack of it of these manipulations say some- thing interesting about the systematicity of langauge? and doesn't it provide evidence regarding the relative autonomy of syntax? Michael. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 14 Jul 1993 14:35:22 +0700 (GMT+0700) From: Gwyn Williams Subject: Re: An abrupt modern extension On Mon, 12 Jul 1993 Sharon Shelly (SSHELLY@acs.wooster.edu) wrote: > > Many thanks to Elise Morse-Gagne for explaining the origin of the > mysterious gender-neutral pronouns being used by Steven Schaufele. > Although je had managed to guess the function of these unfamiliar forms > je simply had not realized that linguists (or anyone else) could > blithely borrow pronouns from other languages and insert them into > English at whim. > -------------------------------------------------------------------------- > LINGUIST List: Vol-4-538. I have heard several times young Thais using the English pronouns "I" and "you" in conversations with friends. I guess it sounds modern and trendy. In the present Bangkok period, Thai pronouns have undergone radical change. Gwyn Williams Bangkok -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Tue, 13 Jul 1993 10:41:25 -0400 (EDT) From: cowan@snark.thyrsus.com (John Cowan) Subject: Re: An abrupt modern extension Sharon Shelly writes: > Although je had managed to guess the function of these unfamiliar forms > je simply had not realized that linguists (or anyone else) could > blithely borrow pronouns from other languages and insert them into > English at whim. Thou canst do whate'er thee please, so long as thou satisfy'st the two FIDONET rules of Conversational Implicature, to wit: 1) Thou shalt not be excessively annoying. 2) Thou shalt not be too easily annoyed. However, it must be acknowledged, that if on tries to speak Eurish properly, others will laugh at on, if on says "Tante danke" when the proper term is "Grazie sehr". [Credit: Alfred Bester.] Yours cross-culturally, -- John Cowan cowan@snark.thyrsus.com ...!uunet!lock60!snark!cowan e'osai ko sarji la lojban. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-552. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-553. Thu 15 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 50 Subject: 4.553 Modern Greek Corpora Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 13 Jul 93 11:11:35 BST From: GOUTSOSD@ibm3090.bham.ac.uk Subject: Modern Greek Corpora -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 13 Jul 93 11:11:35 BST From: GOUTSOSD@ibm3090.bham.ac.uk Subject: Modern Greek Corpora We recently conducted a survey of machine-readable corpora of Modern Greek, whose findings we presented at the recent ACH-ALLC '93 Georgetown Conference, under the title "Towards a corpus of Spoken Modern Greek". We managed to discover some 15 projects currently running but there may still be some people involved in corpus work in Modern Greek who have not been contacted. We intend to publicize our findings and so we'd welcome any suggestions on improving communication among researchers in this area. Dionysis Goutsos Rania Hatzidaki Philip King Modern Greek Corpus Initiative Dionysis Goutsos Telephone: (UK) 021-4498290 School of English Fax: (UK) 021-414 5668 University of Birmingham E-mail: goutsosd@uk.ac.bham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT U.K. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-553. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-554. Thu 15 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 267 Subject: 4.554 Jobs: Chair in Linguistics, Research Asst., NLP Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 13 Jul 93 16:42:24 +0100 From: "Steve Fligelstone" Subject: Job: New Chair in Linguistics/Human Communication at Lancaster 2) Date: Wed, 14 Jul 93 17:00:51 EDT From: karin@ruccs.rutgers.edu (Karin Stromswold) Subject: research assistant wanted 3) Date: Tue, 29 Jun 93 14:15:41 PDT From: Patricia Brooke Subject: NLP Research Opportunities -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 13 Jul 93 16:42:24 +0100 From: "Steve Fligelstone" Subject: Job: New Chair in Linguistics/Human Communication at Lancaster DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS AND MODERN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, LANCASTER, U.K., LA1 4YT CHAIR IN LINGUISTICS/HUMAN COMMUNICATION Applications are invited from suitably qualified persons for the Chair in Linguistics/Human Communication tenable from January 1994 or as soon as possible. Candidates must have extensive relevant teaching experience and an outstanding academic record of research and publication. The successful candidate would normally be expected to hold a PhD in a relevant area, and have an established international reputation. The Department is seeking to complement and extend its existing strengths through this appointment. Applications are welcomed from candidates with interests in any part of the broad field of Linguistics and Language Studies. The person appointed will be expected to teach at undergraduate and postgraduate levels, supervise research students and research projects, assume administrative responsibilities, including the (rotating) headship, and make a major contribution to the intellectual life of the Department. Salary will be within the Professorial range: present Professorial minimum #29,949 p.a. Ref. No: L991 Method of Application Candidates should complete and return NINE copies of the following: application form, curriculum vitae (giving full particulars of education, qualifications, publications and main academic interests) and covering letter, if appropriate, to arrive NOT LATER THAN 20 SEPTEMBER 1993 at the Personnel Services Office, Bowland College, Lancaster University, Lancaster, U.K., LA1 4YT, from where further particulars of the post can also be obtained. Envelopes should be marked with appropriate reference. Further Particulars Department of Linguistics and Modern English Language Chair in Linguistics/Human Communication The Department is a major international centre of teaching and research in linguistics and human communication. It has a programme of research, which is closely integrated with its teaching in the fields of general linguistics, English language, computational linguistics, human communication, sociolinguistics and applied linguistics - broadly defined to include language in social life, educational linguistics including ELT, mother tongue education, stylistics, bilingual education and literacy. The Department is also engaged in collaborative teaching and research with the Computer Science department, other departments in the Social Sciences faculty and, to a lesser extent, the language departments in the Humanities faculty. In recent years the Department has experienced rapid expansion in its teaching and research activities. The numbers of both undergraduate and postgraduate students have grown, as have the numbers of research and teaching staff. It is in this context that the University has agreed to this new position at professorial level. In making this appointment, we are seeking to recruit a senior academic with an international reputation, who has a distinguished research and publication record. Applications are invited from candidates specialising in any area of the broad field of linguistics and human communication. But as there are already two chairs in the Department, one in Linguistics and Modern English Language which is held by Prof. Geoffrey Leech, and the other in Linguistics and English Language Education, which is held by Prof. Charles Alderson, we would like the new Chair to consolidate and complement rather than simply duplicate our established strengths. Research The Department has a high research profile, being one of the four linguistics departments in the country achieving the top rating (class 5A) in the recent national research assessment exercise. (See endnote) Research in the Department is increasingly organised in research centres with their own management structure, and these include the Unit for Computer Research on the English Language (UCREL), the Centre for Language in Social Life (CLSL) and the Centre for Research in Language Education (CRILE). In addition, there are a number of more informal, but flourishing research groups, e.g. the stylistics research group, and groups concerned with language testing and with language and gender in the classroom. The person appointed will be expected to make a prominent contribution to at least one of the research groups or launch a new one, and to attract external research funding where opportunities occur. She or he will also be expected to be actively involved in the supervision of research students. Staff currently act as supervisors for up to six full-time research students (or an equivalent number of part-time students). Teaching The Department runs or contributes to several undergraduate (BA) degree schemes, including Linguistics, English Language, Human Communication, and Culture and Communication. There are also BA schemes combining linguistics with another subject: e.g., English, Modern Languages, Japanese Studies, Computer Science, Psychology or Philosophy. At MA level, our main efforts are concentrated on the MA in Linguistics for English Language Teaching and the MA in Language Studies, each of which is well-established and enrolls approximately 25 students per year. We also contribute to a Faculty of Social Sciences training programme in research methodology for new research students. We put considerable emphasis on the quality of our teaching and on the students experience of learning. We value collaborative methods of teaching and learning. We are actively involved in the development of new teaching methods, e.g. taking advantage of new technology in the teaching of larger numbers of students. The person appointed will be expected to contribute to teaching at all levels, from the first year undergraduate level upwards. We shall be looking for teaching ability, and an innovative approach to teaching methods. The student body in the Department is somewhat more varied than is usual for a British University. There are many mature students because the University has always had a policy of actively recruiting mature students. It is a leading partner in the Open College which provides access to higher education for mature students who wish to undertake degree level studies but lack the standard educational background of university entrants. About one in five of our undergraduates are over 23 and most of the graduate students are over 30. Although the majority of students are British, a large minority of the undergraduates and about half of the postgraduates come from overseas, mainly from Europe, East Asia, and North America. For more information about the degree programmes, please send for Departmental prospectuses. Facilities Research facilities are good. We have recently made great progress in developing our Departmental computing infrastructure. We have three computing laboratories, including the phonetics laboratory, all of which contain state-of-the-art technology with access to specialised packages such as concordance packages, for study and analysis of linguistic data. On the pedagogical side, these computing facilities offer much scope for further development. All staff offices are connected to the local area network and to the campus mainframe, and have direct access to Janet and the Internet. For information about the general library and other facilities available at the University please send for university brochures. Administration The person appointed will be expected to play a full role in the day-to-day administration of the department and the faculty. This may include at some point serving a three-year term as Head of Department and possibly playing a role in the faculty administration. Interview Candidates shortlisted will be invited to come for an interview around November 1993. An opportunity will also be found for them to meet members of staff and the student body of the Department, and to make a brief presentation to a restricted audience on current interests, recent work, and plans for the future. Endnote In 1992 the Universities Funding Council, at the instigation of the government, conducted an assessment exercise designed to evaluate the effectiveness of research activities undertaken in higher education institutions in the United Kingdom. Departments were ranked on a scale going from 5A, for top departments with a world class research output, to one for departments with an undistinguished research record. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 14 Jul 93 17:00:51 EDT From: karin@ruccs.rutgers.edu (Karin Stromswold) Subject: research assistant wanted Research Assistantship Position Cognitive & Neural Bases of Language & Language Acquisition A research assistant is needed to assist in studies of normal and abnormal language acquisition and studies of language processing by normal adults. The RA will be involved in all aspects of the studies, including recruitment and testing of subjects, designing and creating experimental stimuli, and analyzing data. This position is ideal for someone with a BA or MA in psychology, linguistics or cognitive science who wants laboratory experience before pursuing graduate training. If you or someone you know is interested in this position, please contact: Karin Stromswold Department of Psychology & Center for Cognitive Science Psychology Building, Busch Campus Rutgers University New Brunswick, NJ 08903 fax (908) 932-2263 phone: (908) 932-2448 e-mail: karin@ruccs.rutgers.edu [Pre-doctoral and post-doctoral fellowships may also be available.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Tue, 29 Jun 93 14:15:41 PDT From: Patricia Brooke Subject: NLP Research Opportunities CORRECTION! MICROSOFT RESEARCH OPPORTUNITY A previous job posting for Microsoft Research contained an erroneous second paragraph citing "primary responsibilities". Please disregard that paragraph. What follows is the entire relevant text: ********************************************************** The Natural Language Processing group at Microsoft Research is looking for a computational linguist with a background in English syntax, an interest in stylistics and the complexity of prose, and the desire to work on a large real-world NLP system that deals with unrestricted text. To apply, send your resume and cover letter to: Surface: Microsoft Recruiting ATTN: Patricia Brooke One Microsoft Way Redmond, WA 98052-6399 Email: ASCII ONLY pattibr@microsoft.com Microsoft is an equal opportunity employer working to increase workforce diversity. ******************************************************************** -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-554. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-555. Thu 15 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 290 Subject: 4.555 Sum: Adjectives Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 8 Jul 93 18:46:19 EDT From: Roberto Zamparelli Subject: Sum: Adjectives -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 8 Jul 93 18:46:19 EDT From: Roberto Zamparelli Subject: Sum: Adjectives This is a summary for my query about meaning-changing adjectives, posted several months ago. Sorry for the long delay---I had some logistic problems. My starting point was that in Italian and other Romance languages adjectives can generally appear both before and after the noun, but several adjectives change meaning in these two positions. (1a) Un CARO amico (1b) Un ristorante CARO A dear friend A restaurant expensive "A dear friend" "An expensive restaurant" My query was: (a) Are there are other (possibly non-Romance) languages in which adjectives have more than one position within NP, AND different positions correlate with different meanings? (b) If there are, (1) what is the unmarked position for the adjective within NP? (2) Is the meaning correlated with the unmarked NP-internal position always preserved when the adjective is used predicatively? (c) Are there other morphological/syntactic alternations in adjectives, aside from position, that correlate with meaning shift? First of all, many thanks to all the people who replied. Ken Beesley Stavros Macrakis GLADNEY@vmd.cso.uiuc.edu Robert S. Kirsner Paul Black Kevin Donnelly Tony Killeen Vovian Cook Sharon L. Shelly Si Teng David Denison Lucia Tovena Luiz Arthur Pagani Claudia Brugman Various people pointed out examples in other Romance languages analogous to the ones I have in Italian. E.g. French (Stavros Macrakis, Lucia Tovena). Un grand homme un homme grand A great man A man big Two people point out what I believe to be a slightly different distinction, i.e. the restrictive vs. non-restrictive usage of an adjective in the two positions in Spanish (Beesley Ken) and Portugese, w.r.t. possessive adjectives (Luiz Arthur Pagani) > From: Ken_Beesley.PARC@xerox.com > > Adjective placement in Spanish and Portuguese can sometimes be used to > distinguish restrictive and non-restrictive readings: > > su linda mujer "your beautiful wife" > su mujer linda "your wife beautiful" > > The first example, with the preposed adjective, often has a > non-restrictive reading, as in "your wife, who is beautiful." The second > is more likely to be read as "your wife who is beautiful [as opposed to > one of your other, less beautiful, wives]." This phenomenon is almost > certainly tied to the given/new, theme/rheme (functional sentence > perspective) kinds of distinction explored by several linguistic schools, > but notably the Prague School. If you aren't acquainted with these, the > basic notion is that there is a subtle pressure in utterances to put known > or given information earlier in the sentence and new information later. > These theories are especially useful for explaining why a speaker chooses > a particular word order for a particular sentence when speaking a language > with relatively free word order, like the Slavic languages. Although the > word order in romance languages is somewhat less free, the preposed > adjective would still tend to have the more given or incidental > meaning--it's just being tossed in as an incidental comment: cf. the > usual readings of "your beautiful country," "your admirable work in > genetics," "these scurrilous comment," "his kind assistance," etc. > > The postposed adjective adjective would be more likely to convey new, > vital, or distinguishing information. > > Where word order is even more rigid, as in English, contrastive stress may > sometimes convey the same distinction. > > your beautiful wife > your BEAUTIFUL wife > > Stress and other intonational effects, though quite real, are often difficult > or inconvenient to express in an everyday orthography, so they are often > overlooked. But the contrastive stress differentiating "BEAUTIFUL" from > "beautiful" in the examples above might be analyzed as a morphological affix > every bit as real as a suffix like -s or -ing. > > Ken Beesley > From: LUIZ ARTHUR > > IN PORTUGUESE THE POSITION OF THE PRONOUN CHANGE THE MEANING > PRAGMATICALLY: > > "MEU FILHO" IS THE UNMARKED FORM OF "MY SON", BUT "FILHO MEU" IS A MORE > EMPHATIC FORM AND IT IS USED GENERALLY WITH NEGATIVES. SO, THE SENTENCE > "FILHO MEU NAO SAI DE CASA DEPOIS DAS DEZ" IS MORE EMPHATIC AND RESTRITIVE > THAN "MEU FILHO NAO SAI DE CASA DEPOIS DAS DEZ HORAS" (MY SON DOESN'T > LEAVE HOME BEFORE TEN). Various people have pointed out that analogous contrasts exist in English (V.J. Cook, C. Brugman, examples from Bolinger (1969), McCawly (1988)), and Old English (David Denison): > From: Cook V J > > Doubtles other people will have drawn your attention to "little" in > English; "little nice man" (little=size) versus nice little mnan" (little > = condescending dimuntive. > From: cbrugman@gandalf.otago.ac.nz > > I'm sorry to respond so late. Here is one lead for you from English: > Bolinger noted that in certain restricted cases, adjective placement can > have different effects--nothing so dramatic as the Romance cases. > > Just throw me any handy tool. > Just throw my any tool handy. > > If you get both of these, there's a subtle difference in meaning -- in the > second case, *handy* is a contingent or temporary property (e.g. it's > ready to hand) while in the first case it's a more inherent property of the > tool that it's handy (e.g. it's the right tool for the job). > > --Claudia Brugman This has an interesting correlation with data from Italian. Some Italian adjectives are ambiguous between a `temporary' and an `inherent' meaning (between denoting stage-level and individual-level properties, in the terminology of Carlson (1977)). E.g. "pronto" (ready/quick) "aperto" (open/open-minded) "assente" (absent/absent-minded). The stage-level meaning is possible ONLY in post-nominal position, the individual level usually in both positions (with non-restrictive interpretation in pre-N position). Il professore assente L'assente professore The professor (who is) absent The absent-minded professor > From: David Denison > > Instant response to your LINGUIST query. The Old English "adjective" > _an_ `one' may precede or follow its head noun. If it precedes it > means `one', if it follows it means `alone'. There are also > differences in declension: the `one' meaning correlates with > strong (indefinite) declension, the `alone' with weak (definite), > though less reliably. The unmarked (but not 100% categorical) > position for adjectives is preposed in OE. > > Best, > David Denison(Dr) David Denison Analogous contrast with the adjective "solo" (only/alone) in Italian. GLADNEY@vmd.cso.uiuc.edu has a peculiar contrast with Polish. I wanted to check these data with a Polish speaker, but unfortunately I couldn't find any. > Polish puts adjectives in certain classes after > the noun. So _pewna osoba_ is a certain person, whereas _osoba pewna siebie_ > is a person sure of him/herself. There could be other examples. Russian has > many examples like Ona xoroshA 'she's pretty' vs. ona xorOshaja 'she's good'. I am much in debt with Kevin Donnelly, who--- with the help of the Gaelic Language Bullettin Board---has been a goldmine of interesting examples from a non-Romance language. > caoimhin@sabhal-mor-ostaig.ac.uk (Caoimhin P. ODonnaile) > > Gaelic (I will use examples from Irish Gaelic) > also has certain common adjectives which can precede the noun, even though > the adjective normally follows the noun. > > Here are some examples off the top of my head of meaning shifts involving > the word "mo/r" (big). - (I write `/' for an acute accent on the preceding > vowel.) They may not be exactly what you want, because conventionally > "mo/r" is written as joined to the other noun when it precedes the other > noun. > > Kevin Donnelly > --------------------------------------------------------------------- > cuid mho/r - a large part > mo/rchuid - majority > ciorcal mo/r - a large circle > mo/rchiorcal - a great circle (e.g. on the globe) > slua mo/r - a big host of people > mo/rshlua - the majority/mass of the people/a big host of people > seanfhocal - a proverb (although it's a bit wider than "proverb" in English) > focal sean - an old word > > Here's one from the dictionary, so less trustworthy: > > o/g-ghluaiseacht - a youth movement (= youth organisation) > gluaiseacht o/g - a young (= new) movement > > gearrscanna/n - a short (of a film) > scanna/n gearr - a short film > > gearrscri/obh - shorthand > scri/obh gearr - short writing ?? > > gearrshiopado/ir - a haberdasher > siopado/ir gearr - a short (= not tall) shopkeeper > > Here's another example I received after puting your query on GAELIC-L. > > > From: Tony Killeen > > [...] > > > > Bodach gearr -- a short lout > > Gearrbhodach -- a youth > > Here are another couple of examples I was given from Irish Gaelic > (Donegal dialect). The words > > glas-sto/cach > caolghasu/r > > both mean a boy, not quite a man. > > "sto/cach glas" would mean "a green lad" > "gasu/r caol" would mean "a thin boy" Si Teng observes that in Chinese post-N adjectives are interpreted as predications. > From: Si_Teng@sfu.ca > > This may not be what you're looking for in your query. But the > position of adjectives can make a great difference in Chinese, since > adjectives function as a predicate at post-nominal position. For > example in Mandarin: > > (i) zhongguo (heng) da. > China very big > 'China is (very) big.' > ********** Bibliography: ************** > Flora Klein-Andreu's article on the semantics of adjective position in > Spanish in the 1983 book she edited DISCOURSE PERSPECTIVES ON SYNTAX. > Academic Press. > > Bolinger, D.: "Adjectives in English: Attribution and predication". > Lingua 18, 1967. > > McCawley, J., The Syntactic Phenomena of English, Vol. 2.(??), U. of Chicago > Press. 1988. Also relevant is my own work, ``Pre-N modifiers, Degree Phrases and the Structure of AP'', to appear in the University of Venice Working Papers in Linguistics. If you have comments, please send them directly to me (roberto@psych.rochester.edu). Currently I cannot read large volumes of mail, so I have temporarily suspended my subscription to Linguists. - Roberto Zamparelli -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-555. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-556. Thu 15 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 127 Subject: 4.556 Sum: Taps and Flaps Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: 7 July 1993, 14:20:32 CST From: Geoffrey S. Nathan Subject: Taps and flaps -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: 7 July 1993, 14:20:32 CST From: Geoffrey S. Nathan Subject: Taps and flaps In May I asked the List for suggestions about 'flaps' in American English. Thanks to the following people, who responded personally to my query: Sandra Bott, Karen S. Chung, John Coleman, Bruce Connell, David Iannucci , Laura L. Koenig, Mark A. Mandel, Henry Rogers, Larry Shriberg, David Stampe, Larry Trask. A number of correspondents slapped my wrists for using the term 'flap' to refer to the sound in American English in words such as 'butter' and 'city', pointing out that most authorities (Ladefoged, and Laduslaw and Pullum (!) being the most often cited) carefully distinguish between 'flap' and 'tap'. The American sound is a TAP. What no one could offer, at least so far, is an operational acoustic definition of a flap/tap such that I could distin- guish a tap from a regular stop on a waveform or spec- trogram. I am working on a possible methodology, but since the relevant acoustic research has not yet been begun, I will keep the speculation to myself until such time as I can confirm my suspicions. It might, of course, be possible to use the Microbeam facility, but I suspect that it's much harder to do that and get reliable taps, since tapping is partly a function of relaxed speech, and I really wonder how relaxed the tip of the tongue can be with a pellet glued to it... The following is a half-baked bibliography that is the result of all the responses. I have not yet had a chance to dig them up, and in relevant cases fill in missing informa- tion. Bibliography on Taps and Flaps Churma, Don (in the Department of English at Ball State) has done a detailed phonological study of flapping in American English. Connell Bruce (1992) 'Describing Taps' uses EPG to look at taps in Ibibio. This appeared in our (Oxford University) Working Papers PROPH Vol 5 . Fujimura et al (1973) in JPhon 1 for Japanese, and Elugbe 1978 in JPhon 6 for Ghotuo. Iannucci, David et. al., (1968), Some determinants of stylistic phonological variation, Journal Of Verbal Learning And Verbal Behavior 7. Price, Patti Jo. (1981) Dissertation that looks at acoustic and palatographic data on flaps in AmEnglish and Japanese Scott, Donia (1984) Abstract in JASA Suppl. 1, Vol. 75, p. S66. Some EPG has been done on Japanese taps,some of which has been published in the Annual Bulletin of the Research Institute of Logopedics and Phoniatrics. Sorry I don't remember specifics. Stone and Hamlet (1982) in JPhon 10. Turk, Alice. A paper in the Working Papers of the Cornell Phonetics Laboratory #7 on flaps. Wells J. C. (1982), Accents of English, vol. 1 of 3, pp. 248-252, Cambridge: CUP Geoffrey S. Nathan GA3662@SIUCVMB.SIU.EDU Department of Linguistics Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL, 62901 USA Phone: (618) 453-3421 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-556. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-557. Thu 15 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 108 Subject: 4.557 Sum: Cross-linguistic Metaphor Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 14 Jul 93 17:30:11 MDT From: Subject: Summary: X-Ling Studies Metaphor -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 14 Jul 93 17:30:11 MDT From: Subject: Summary: X-Ling Studies Metaphor Thank you for your responses. Here is a summary of what I received. Rocio Guillen. Summary: Cross-Linguistic Studies in Metaphor *** Alan Cienki You may want to consult the following bibliographies for references to interlinguistic works on metaphor: Van Noppen, Jean-Pierre, comp. 1985. Metaphor: A Bibliography of Post- 1970 Publications. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Van Noppen, J-P and Edith Hols, comp. 1990. Metaphor II: A Classified Bibliography of Publications from 1985-1990. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins. *** bro@elm.circa.ufl.edu (John Bro) Eric Kellerman has does some stuff on 2nd Lang Acq and perceived transferability of metaphors, esp Eng/Dutch & French. Here's a ref: Kellerman, E. (1986) An Eye for an Eye: Crosslinguistic Constraints on the Development of the L2 Lexicon. in Kellerman, E. & Sharwood Smith, M. (Eds.) Crosslinguistic Influence in Second Language Acquisition. Pergamon Press 1986. ISBN 0-08-030325-0. This article, along with Lakoff's WFDT inspired me to do a paper on the cross-linguistic metaphorical relations between French 'sur' and 'over-' . Bro, J. (1992) Crosslinguistic polysemy: the story of 'sur'. in Simpson, J. (Ed). Focus: UF Working Papers in Linguistics. University of Florida. 1992. Melissa Bowerman has also done a lot of stuff on spatial prepositions (which involve a lot of metaphorical extensions) in English, Dutch and especially Korean. *** David Gil There's an issue of Poetics Today that is about to come out which will contain examples of metaphors in various languages. Person to contact is probably the special editor of the volume, Yeshayahu Shen, email: yshen@taunivm.bitnet, or else, by snailmail, The Porter Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. *** Brian King I did my dissertation on metaphors of emotion in Chinese at Ohio State U in the dept of East Asian Langs and Lits in 1989. It's called The Conceptual Structure of Emotional Experience in Chinese. James Matisoff 1986. Hearts and minds in S.E. Asian Langs and English. Cahiers de linguistique: Asie orientale 15 (1), 5-57. might also be useful. Zoltan Kovecses sent me an ms. of a paper comparing metaphors of anger in diff langs but I don't know if and where it was published. *** G.H.Turner@durham.ac.uk Not a cross-linguistic study, per se, but maybe of interest. PhD thesis by the outgoing President of the International Sign Linguistics Association who gave analyses of 'metaphors we live by' a new twist by looking at the visual metaphors embedded within sign languages. Mary Brennan 1990 WORD FORMATION IN BRITISH SIGN LANGUAGE University of Stockholm, Stockholm *** "don l. f. nilsen" Has a bibliography on metaphor covering related topics. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-557. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-558. Thu 15 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 104 Subject: 4.558 Just for Fun: Ferenghi, Hungarian Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: 9 Jul 93 09:19:56 EST From: "Marie Egan" Subject: Farang to Ferenghi 2) Date: Tue, 6 Jul 93 16:30:42 -0400 From: karni@houdini.eece.unm.edu (Shlomo Karni) Subject: Hungarian ? -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: 9 Jul 93 09:19:56 EST From: "Marie Egan" Subject: Farang to Ferenghi Three recent posts (4.424, 4.459, and 4.492) dealt with the word farang meaning foreigner and similiar words in a number of languages. People speculated about the origin of Ferenghi, the name of a species of traders who appear on the televesion shows Star Trek: The Next Generation (ST:TNG) and Deep Space 9 (DS9) and in the related books. I forwarded the discussion to some people who always seem to know the Trek episode plots before they air (hoping information could flow two- ways) and have finally gotten a response. The following is the text of letter from Brad Kane (Prodigy id HPVM55D). He is a frequent participant in Star Trek discussions on Prodigy and has a friend who works at Paramount. Rick Berman is the producer of ST:TNG and a producer of DS9. From: Brad Kane HPVM55D Subject: Help with name ... 7/07 09:39 PM ET Well, I asked my friend at Paramount about it, and he asked Rick Berman, and Berman just smiled and said, "You think that's something, take a look at some of the other names of races and planets we've come up with." Supposedly, they've used everything from Eskimo to Hitachi, and no doubt some of them are pretty vulgar. Good work, it's something I've never thought of myself. Steven Brad So now we know (3rd or 4th hand) that the similarity of Ferenghi to farang and the other words is not a coincidence, even if we don't know from which language they constructed the name Ferenghi. The comment about the names of other races and planets sounds like a challenge. Marie Egan eganm@hsscls.hssc.scarolina.edu P.S. For the acronym people Show title In print In speech Star Trek ST:TOS old Trek, original Trek Star Trek: The Next Generation ST:TNG Next Gen, new Trek Deep Space 9 DS9 DS9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 6 Jul 93 16:30:42 -0400 From: karni@houdini.eece.unm.edu (Shlomo Karni) Subject: Hungarian ? This one was too good not to share. Michael Everson School of Architecture, UCD; Richview, Clonskeagh; Dublin 14; E/ire Phone: +353 1 706-2745 Fax: +353 1 283-8908 Home: +353 1 478-2597 ----------------------------Original message---------------------------- Here is a true anecdote: Israeli children would imitate the Hungarian accent by (jokes as per Zev Bar-Lev) and by made up phrases, sounding like the accentuated Hungarian talk. One such sentence was , "una mesa est aqui", from the Yiddish meaning "without a knife a cow eats." Sounds Hungarian, all right? Well, when you come to the Southwest, where Spanish is spoken, you find out, as I did, that this phrase, in perfect Spanish, means, "here is a flat-top hill." (The more correct Yiddish would be "uhn a messer est a ki", but the end result is the same.) Small world, indeed. Shlomo ----------------------------- I suppose most everyone can parse "una mesa est' aqui/" but for German speakers with little experience reading Yiddish I'll render into German: "Ohn' 'n Messer isst 'ne Kuh", which lacks the right phonology. /u na me sa e sta: ki/ /u:n a me s@ ist a ki/ Anyone know any Hungarian that sounds anything like this? (I know, I know... but it's summer....) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-558. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-559. Thu 15 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 132 Subject: 4.559 Qs: Russian, Nanjing, Passives, Judgements, Japanese Kana Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 2 Jul 93 10:13:31 EDT From: kevin@franklin.com (Kevin Flynn) Subject: Russian Hyphenation 2) Date: Thu, 15 Jul 1993 9:44:48 -0400 (EDT) From: JAKLEIFGEN@CUTCV2.TC.COLUMBIA.EDU Subject: e-mail at Nanjing? 3) Date: Thu, 15 Jul 93 11:45 EDT From: "Barbara.Abbott" Subject: 4.550 Qs: Passives -- clarification 4) Date: Thu, 15 Jul 93 09:45:36 -0500 From: branstin@cs.wisc.edu (Zoann Branstine) Subject: Judgements Wanted 5) From: Pamela A Downing Subject: Japanese software Date: Thu, 15 Jul 1993 09:52:16 -0500 (CDT) -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 2 Jul 93 10:13:31 EDT From: kevin@franklin.com (Kevin Flynn) Subject: Russian Hyphenation According to the United States Goverment Printing Office Style Manual, March 1984, under rules for Russian Syllabification (pg 438), consonantal units may not be divided. They list the following consonantal units: (KOI-7 transliteration) bl, br ml wl, wr pl, pr gl, gr sk, skw, skr, st, stw, str vd tw, tr kl, kr fl, fr dw, dr Should the following also be considered non-seperable consonantal units for the purpose of hyphenation: s~, {k, sl, spl, twl, stwl, hl, {l, spr mr, zr, {r, hr, ~r, {t, ~t, sw, kv, gv, hv Thanks, Kevin Flynn -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 15 Jul 1993 9:44:48 -0400 (EDT) From: JAKLEIFGEN@CUTCV2.TC.COLUMBIA.EDU Subject: e-mail at Nanjing? I will be spending September through January at Nanjing University in Nanjing, China, teaching linguistics to college teachers of English. Does anyone know where I can get access to internet/bitnet while there? If you know someone who can help me with this, please let me know at my personal address: JAKLEIFGEN@CUTCV2.BITNET JAKLEIFGEN@CUTCV2.TC.COLUMBIA.EDU Thanks, Jo Anne Kleifgen -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Thu, 15 Jul 93 11:45 EDT From: "Barbara.Abbott" Subject: 4.550 Qs: Passives -- clarification Oops! I recently posted a request for a reference on the claim that passives are more frequent than actives. I should have said LESS frequent! (Must have been the heat...) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Thu, 15 Jul 93 09:45:36 -0500 From: branstin@cs.wisc.edu (Zoann Branstine) Subject: Judgements Wanted The following scale appears on a service follow-up survey sent out by Honda: Completely satisfied - Somewhat dissatisfied - somewhat satisfied - Delighted For me, "somewhat satisfied" is worse than "somewhat DISsatisfied". However, switching the order of the two also produces an odd scale, since it mixes "satisfied"s with "dissatisfied"s. This was just an observation, though before I write to Honda to suggest they change their questionnaire it might be nice to know I'm not the only person who finds it strange. Zoann -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5) Date: Thu, 15 Jul 1993 09:52:16 -0500 (CDT) From: Pamela A Downing Subject: Japanese software I need to include some Japanese text (both kana and kanji) in a camera-ready manuscript I am preparing. Does anybody have any suggestions for any kana/kanji software I can use with a PC (with Windows) and an HP laserjet printer? I'd prefer something that's also compatible with Word Perfect for Windows. Thanks. Pamela Downing downing@convex.csd.uwm.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-559. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-560. Fri 16 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 102 Subject: 4.560 New Books: Collections, Lang. Acquisition Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------- Note ------------------------------------------ Additional information on the following books, as well as a short backlist of the publisher's titles, may be available from the Listserv for some of the publishers listed here. To get this information, simply send a message to: Listserv@tamvm1.tamu.edu (Internet) or Listserv@tamvm1 (Bitnet) The message should consist of the single line: get publishername lst linguist For example, to get more information on a book published by Mouton de Gruyter, send the message: get mouton lst linguist At the moment, the following lists are available: benjamin lst (John Benjamin) mouton lst (Mouton de Gruyter) oup lst (Oxford University Press) sil lst (Summer Institute of Linguistics) uma-glsa lst (U. of Massachusetts Graduate Linguistics Association) ------------------------------New Books------------------------------ COLLECTIONS UCLA OCCASIONAL PAPERS IN LINGUISTICS, Vol 11. EDS: F.Beghelli & M.Kural $12 US, $17 outside US. Payble to UC REGENTS (in US$). Send to: Dept of Linguistics,UCLA,LA, CA 90024 (e-mail: eiv2jlb@mvs.oac.ucla.edu) 1993. 169 pp. Syntax,Semantics E.KEENAN:Semantic Order & Semantic Answers to Syntactic Questions; M. KURAL: V-to(-I-to)-C in Turkish; A.MAHAJAN:On Gamma-Marking Adjunct Traces in Hindi; J.SCHAEFFER:Dutch Nominal Compounds & Innateness of Level Ordering;E.STABLER: The Finite Connectivity of Linguistic Structure; A.Wu:A Minimalist Univ Parser MIT Working Papers in Linguistics #18 PAPERS ON CASE & AGREEMENT I June 1993 347pp $15 + p/h ($2 in US, $3 elsewhere) MITWPL, 20D-219, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 >mitwpl@athena.mit.edu Syntax, Case 11 papers on case, agreement, verb movement, (split) ergativity, subjects, V2, finiteness etc. in numerous languages. Details from mitwpl@athena.mit.edu Smith Stvan, L. et al. (Eds.), PAPERS FROM THE THIRD ANNUAL MEETING OF THE FORMAL LINGUISTICS SOCIETY OF MIDAMERICA (FLSM III), 1993. 386 pp., US $22.50 + 5.50 p&h PREPAID. Indiana University Linguistics Club, 720 E. Atwater Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47401. This volume contains 24 papers on syntax, semantics, morphology and phonology. Authors include John McCarthy, Sharon Inkelas, Young-mee Yu Cho, Kai von Fintel, Natsuko Tsujimura, and James Yoon. LANGUAGE ACQUISITION DE NINA TAPES EN FILES. Available from: Wim Zonneveld, Research Institute for Language and Speech, Trans 10, 3512 JK Utrecht (The Netherlands). e-mail: Zonneveld@let.ruu.nl Ms.: $15.00 (production & postage). Tapes produced and priced separtely. A 250 page Dutch-language ms. on the acquisition-period [1:1]-[2:5] of a Dutch-language infant (girl: 02-04-90). The ms. consists of 13 written-out 1,5 hr. tapes (broad phonetic) and 70 pp. of diary notes. 16 separate tapes ([0:3]-[2:5]), or one compilation tape, also available. (A second ms. on the [2:5]-[3:5] period will be available in Fall). -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-560. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-561. Wed 21 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 46 Subject: 4.561 Available for Discussion: Syntax of Scope Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------- Note ------------------------------------------ If you wish to lead the discussion on one of the works mentioned below, contact Prof. Johnstone at: bcj@tamuts.tamu.edu A copy of the work will be sent to you. You, in return, must agree to post to Prof. Johnstone your opening statement and/or summary judgment about the work BEFORE it is posted to the net. We ask this because, even though these discussions are intended to be informal, we'd like them to be as balanced and thoughtful as possible. When you have posted your summary, the work will be considered open to discussion. Any subscriber--including the authors of the work in question--may now comment on the work and on the summary. 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Phone:(800) 356-0343/(617) 625-8569 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-561. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-562. Mon 26 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 298 Subject: 4.562 Sum: Gender Markedness Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 16 Jul 93 23:24:57 -0300 From: mccleary@fox.cce.usp.br (Leland Mccleary) Subject: Gender Markedness -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 16 Jul 93 23:24:57 -0300 From: mccleary@fox.cce.usp.br (Leland Mccleary) Subject: Gender Markedness On 16 Jul 93 I posted the following query: > But I wonder if we haven't been going about this whole business of de-biasing gender in the language all wrong. Instead of changing all the derivative words, wouldn't it be more efficient, in this case, to establish a single new marked form for the male gender -- something like "xoman/xomen", "yoman/yomen" or "zoman/zomen" -- and leave the unmarked "man" and all of its compounds to stand exclusively for both sexes. Any comments? < The replies came in fast and furious, but seem to have died down, so here are the highlights: Ole Ravnholt comments: > While I very much sympathize with your modest proposal, I am not sure that it will work for all languages. I remember the heart-breaking experience some years ago of reading in the same book (I have forgotten the reference, I'm afraid) two papers, one by English-speaking and one by German-speaking authors. The first one suggested doing away with all sex-biased profession names and keeping only one for each profession: steward/stewardess --> steward. Also, to avoid sexist pronouns, you should keep generic reference in the plural so you could say "they" rather than using the clumsy "he or she" or the obscene "he". And the second one offered the opposite solution of always using two profession names, because the simple, non-derivative forms would (nearly) always be masculine: der Lehrer --> der Lehrer/die Lehrerin; for generic reference in the plural you would then have to take care to always use both: die Lehrer --> die Lehrer und Lehrerinnen. The pronouns would then follw naturally, as in English. So after all, maybe the real problem (and the real solution) is to be sought somewhere else. By the way: In some recent contributions to the LINGUIST list I have seen the word "hann" used in the sense of "s/he". Quite schocking and politically very much incorrect for us speakers of Scandinavian languages in which "han" means "he", and is used in the same sloppy way as in English or German: with male referents as well as with don't-care-which-sex referents. Since "hun" is "she", maybe "hin" is a better suggestion (phonemically maximally distant from either of the sexist words); maybe it is a problem that "hin" means (or used to mean) "yon", but that is rather obsolete (as in English) and not quite inappropriate anyway, is it? < John Kingston remembered that at least in some places, "freshman" has been "out" for some time: >... but at the University of Chicago, between 1972 and 1976 at any rate when I was there (and certainly for some interval before and after), the terms were "first year, second year etc." rather than "freshman, sophomore etc." ... < Mai Kuha relates the following anecdote: > Maybe you've had experiences like the following: a couple of years ago, I was teaching an introductory linguistics course for the first time (as an AI). We had been discussing sexism in language, and some female students were expressing very firm opinions. One of them (a student in her 40's) held the view that "man" as a generic term for a person of either sex was sexist because women "get lumped into the same word," but also that to call a male duck a drake is sexist because the male duck "gets a word all his own." !! < Kate Remlinger had this to say (I have the feeling you didn't catch the spirit of my "modest proposal", Kate; if the suffix -man weren't marked +male, we wouldn't have a problem. I was suggesting, as an exercise, that we consider working on changing the marking rather than changing the word. -LM): > The reason (one reason anyway) there has been an increasing change from gender-marked words, such as 'freshman' to 'first-year student', is to eliminate the semantic exclusion of women and girls. The "suffix" -man is not unmarked--it IS marked + male and cannot stand exclusively for both sexes. Businessman, saleman, congressman, and the plethora of other gender-marked words in English perpetuate sexist attitudes and beliefs that have worked, along with other cultural values, to subjugate women, to limit their opportunities and power. In conjunction with linguistic theories of cultural relativism and determinism, feminist theories of language, especially those of liberal feminists, have made a similar claim to my own above, and have been partially responsible for making our language and our culture (I'm speaking of the North American culture that I experience) less hostile toward women. If you haven't already, perhaps you'd find interest in Dale Spender's (1980) book, _Man Made Language_, London: Pandora; and an edition of various papers on language and gender by Thorne, B. and Henley, N. (Eds.), (1985) _Language and sex: Difference and dominance_. Rowley, Massachussetts: Newbury. One paper, "The Semantic Derogation of Women", especially addresses the issue that you are raising. Of course there are many other writings on this topic, but these are two that seem most relevant. < Terese Thonus casts linguistic doubt on the proposal: > Your idea is a very good one, but it seems to me (at least in the history of morphology) that it's a whole lot easier to reduce than it is to add. The Germans did it right with their "Mensch" generic; the Romance speakers perhaps will never go through language change to avoid sexism as grammatical gender is so ingrained and rarely linked to "real" gender at all. I suppose I would ask someone like Arnold Zwicky or someone in historical linguistics or history of particular languages if this sort of thing has ever been done (purposefully or otherwise) before. < J. Clancy Clements wonders about other features of the -man suffix: > One thought: the compounds in -man are lexicalized to a very large extent in English. I think that over time -man has taken on a semantic feature *related to professions* or something similar. So, a businessman is someone whose profession is in business, a milkman someone whose profession is milk (de- livery), etc. Perhaps -woman does not possess this semantic feature. There is one exception (which may or may not be a counterex.): cleaning woman. Two comments on this compound: 1) cleaning man is easily coined and refers probably to someone in industrial cleaning; 2) if it's true that compounds like cleaning woman (i.e. X-woman, "someone whose profession is X"), then it may be possible to conclude that -woman has a different semantic configuration than -man and therefore does not lend itself as readily to compound formation regarding professions. < Mysti also likes the idea, but doubts that there are mechanisms for changing the default setting of +male. Mike Picone brings the study of neologism to bear on the question: > I don't have any original thinking on the wisdom of using a gender neutralized _-man_ by virtue of introducing _xoman_ or something like it, but the reason I'm writing is because I am studying neological activity in French, including but not limited to borrowings from English. The French have borrowed a lot of _-man_ forms and even invented a few of their own: fauchman, tennisman, clapman, perchman, etc. Somtimes they invent a female equivalent: tenniswoman; or add one that does not exist in English, though the male does: coming-woman. Not all of these are still current or widespread and some say the whole phenomenon is now less pronounced than it was. But, to get to the point, the problems associated with sex de-biasing are different in a language like French where gender is much more ubiquitous than it is in English. For the sake of comparison, I would be interested in references pertaining to the demise of _-man_ forms in English. Perhaps participants in your discussion could provide some. To end on an interesting note, consider for example what happens in French when English words are borrowed that end in agentive _er_, e.g. _leader_. (There are lots of them.) This suffix is gender neutral in English, but if it is to assimilate in French, it will enter into the _-eur_/_-euse_ morphological zone which is gender-dichotomous. _Leader_ in fact is usually pronounced in French as if it carried the _-eur_ ending (+ masc.) though it has resisted orthographic assimilation up till now. To arrive at a + fem version, some resort to _femme leader_. But this is cumbersome and not the kind of term a journalist could repeat more than once in an article without appearing to be overemphasizing gender. The assimilation to _-euse_ has happened in a few cases, but often this + fem suffix refers to a machine or object (which of course is another interesting story charged with sex-political pragmatics): photocopieuse, shooteuse (`syringe' in drug vocabulary). Well, there's more to it than this, and I've simplified a few things, but you get the idea of what kind of problems can be involved. < Steven Schaufele tells an anecdote about a related (failed) "solution" and relates at least a fictional attempt to put the "modest proposal" into effect: > Many, many years ago -- i think it was back in the early 70's, when we were first becoming/being made aware of the sexism inherent in common English usage, an issue was made of the fact that, whereas there was one single mode of address for all men, irrespective of their marital status, a woman's marital status was necessarily proclaimed by the honorific prefix one used in addressing her. The proposed solution, which caught on pretty quickly, was to replace 'Miss/Mrs.' by the generic 'Ms.', as opaque as the traditional 'Mr.' There was, however, a minority suggestion to go the other way: to reserve 'Mr.' for married men and coin a new honorific for bachelors: 'Mt.' (pronounced, if i remember correctly, 'Mist' -- there was some talk of resurrecting the quaint British usage of addressing underage males as 'Master', but it was felt that no self-respecting liberated woman would be willing to address any male as 'master', much less one younger than herself.) At the time, i remember i was very much in favour of this idea; i was single at the time, and very interested in letting it be known that i was available! The science fiction writer David Brin, in his 'uplift' stories, uses the word 'man' very strictly and consistently to refer to any member of the species Homo sapiens. Specifically male and female members thereof, if one wants to specify their sex, are referred to respectively as 'mels' and 'fems'. However, there is i believe some spillover -- use of the morphemes 'mel' and 'fem' to mean 'male' and 'female' of any (sapient) Terran species -- i'm pretty sure i remember a female dolphin being referred to as a 'fem-fin' in Uplift War. < Paul T. Kershaw suggests that the situation I posit may have been the case previously in English: > Two comments: (1) I think freshman is dying slower than chairman etc. because (At least in my neck of the woods) there is an acceptable and widely-used abbreviation which is gender-neutral: "frosh". Perhaps another reason is that it's not easily broken down. A chairman is one who chairs. A fireman is one who puts out fires. But in what way does a "freshman" "fresh"? Witness "shaman" which I haven't seen attacked either (probably also for its rarity) as not being "sha" (eeugh!) (2) It was my understanding that English did have the situation you suggested, i.e., that "man" meant "person" and something longer meant "male person" (to wit, "werman") all those years ago. From this derives, of course, "werewolf" -- which would be male, necessarily. A female lycanthrope must be a "wifwolf" (or "wowolf"). (The last two words are mine own: let me nip linguistic rumor in the bud). The fact that it changed away from the werman/woman dichotomy suggests some sort of social problem with it, and until we fix the problem, the form would continue to be unstable. -- Dopobatchinye! < Forrest Richey is not sanguine about the prospects of getting feminists to agree. John Cowan confirms David Brin's fictional usage and supplies additional details: > Well, David Brin's sf novels >Sundiver<, >Startide Rising<, and >The Uplift War< use the word "man" to refer to any >Homo sapiens< (as distinct from "'fin" for >Tursiops amicus< and "chim" for >Pan sp.<); the terms for female and male men are "fem" and "mel" respectively. Short, English in style, and actually workable. < I thank you all for your thoughtful and provocative observations. The rule, I believe, is that with any marked pair, one member will serve double duty as the generic. I was fishing for counter examples, where there is a triad of terms, one generic and two specific, particularly where the specifics are morphologically derived from the generic. But now something else fascinates me: How is it that "woman" itself has survived attack? Leland McCleary English / Universidade de Sao Paulo / Brasil mccleary@fox.cce.usp.br -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-562. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-563. Mon 26 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 187 Subject: 4.563 Sum: Language Technology/Electric Word Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 13 Jul 93 16:08:43 -0700 From: Kate Finn Subject: Language Technology/Electric Word: SUM -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 13 Jul 93 16:08:43 -0700 From: Kate Finn Subject: Language Technology/Electric Word: SUM Well, the LT/EW people should be pleased at the number of responses I got to my query asking about whatever happened to this magazine. Most respondents referred me to a newer publication called Language Industry Monitor; some offered other alternatives; some wanted to know what I was finding out; but they all mourned the loss of the old LT. Below are excerpts of responses, with names and e-mail included as appropriate. I've included Colin Brace's response to the Linguist mailing list, in case you missed it. thanks, Kate Finn ===================================================================== The same people who published Electric Word, Jane Metcalfe and Louis Rossetto, are the publisher and editor of WIRED, which you probably have gotten copies of since you're a CHI member. It doesn't exactly cover the same stuff, but if you write them a fan letter about EW, they'd love to hear it, and it might push the editorial content more in the direction you enjoyed (e.g. jane@wired.com). They relocated from Amsterdam to SF area. ------------------------------------------------- You are quite right! Electric Word died over a year ago, and was a great loss. There are some successors, however, not with the same style but have some of the content. Language Industry Monitor [published in Netherlands, edited by Colin Brace] La Tribune des Industries de la Langue [published in France, edited by Andre Abbou.] MT News International [published as newsletter of IAMT and associated organisations, including AMTA (Association for Machine Translation in the Americas) ] ===================================================================== Colin Brace, now produces a pamphlet every 2 months entitled "Language Industry Monitor", subscription $95 per year. I saw him recently in Dublin and he told me that Electic Word finally perished in glorious fashion having consumed vast sums of cash in the process! ==================================================================== Electric Word is dead. One of its former publishers, Mr.Colin Brace, (colinb@paramount.nikhefk.nikhef.nl) now puts out a small (approx. 12 page) but informative publication called Language Industry Monitori (ISSN: 0925-3327). LIM is published six times a year by: UITGEVERIJ LIM Eerste Helmersstraat 183 1054 DT Amsterdam The Netherlands Subscriptions are US$95 per year. To give you an idea of contents, here are the titles of the articles in issue 13, Jan-Feb 1993. - Making MT Work. How do you translate 500,000 pages from English into French? Ask Lexi-tech. - Logos: New Partners, New Language Pairs - PC Lingua Version 2 - Boeing's Simplified English Checker - Knowledge Technology at Sun - Reference-Perfect? - Corpus Cruncher - INK Acquired by R.R. Donnelley - A Report on MT from the ATA =================================================================== You asked about Language Technology/Electric Word. I was one of the editors of EW, and I can tell you that it folded in May 1990. The last issue (with Richard Saul Wurman on the cover) appeared in July of that year. After approximately three years, the magazine had not managed to turn a profit and the Dutch publisher finally pulled the plug. EW enjoyed a small but very appreciative audience -- people like yourself -- and it is sorely missed. Once every few months, I see a message like yours on the Net. The last one I saw was on the LANGAGE NATUREL list a few months ago... You might be interested to know that I launched a bi-monthly newsletter in January 1991 together with several other old EW hands, with the aim of covering something of a subset of the same subject matter that Electric Word did. It is called LANGUAGE INDUSTRY MONITOR and it offers a collection of news, background information, and opinion concerning matters related to language processing, with a decided emphasis on applications. We are currently the only publication covering this field at the moment. I am afraid, however, that we have eschewed the "zany" style of EW that you refer to and -- for better or worse -- have adopted a more "restrained" approach. While we don't offer lots of blinding graphics, I think you will find lots of useful information in LANGUAGE INDUSTRY MONITOR. An annual subscription costs US$95 per year. Our next issue will be shipping next week. You or any other reader of LINGUIST may receive a sample copy to peruse at your leisure by sending me name, affiliation and complete mailing address. I will append an overview of the contents of the last few issues for your convenience. [to: Colin Brace at colinb@paramount.nikhefk.nikhef.n] Back issues of Language Industry Monitor A limited number of back issues of Language Industry Monitor are still available. Cost: US$15/NLG25 per copy, including airmail shipping. No. 8 March/April 1992 AND Software and the new OED on CD-ROM, Larousse online, Janet Baker of Dragon Systems, Chandioux's GramR, ESPRIT Translators' Workbench, Natural Language Inc, a linguistic software exhibition, Whitecomb: "Did Ovum get it right?" No. 9 May/June 1992 Systran revitalized? Nestor's handwriting recognizer, Localization at France's Bull, Lernout & Hauspie retrench, Systex's spirit, NLP groups at BIM (b) and Oce (nl), writing tools, Whitecomb: "A Case for Natural Numerics" No. 10 July/August 1992 SGML for Interleaf, Al-Kaatib International, Europe's libraries online, SITE's lexical workstation, MT news, Talo's hyphenators, Mac system extensions, Voice Navigator, Engelien: "A Reply from Ovum" No. 11 September/October 1992 Whitecomb's report from tmi '92, SoftCore, translation software from Trados and IBM, the lisa organization, new French reading station, MT for CompuServe? AICorp merges, Cambridge Language Survey gets started No. 12 November/December 1992 MT Evalution Workshop/ATA Conference, DEC's high tech library's (cmu and Tilburg), NLP at Unisys, Euroglot revisited, A look at RightWriter, Richardson: TMI '92: second opinion, IDOC's XL8 No. 13 January/February 1993 A visit to MT user Lexi-tech, Logos update, Boeing's Simplified English Checker, Knowledge engineering at SunSoft, Corpus crunching in Holland, R.R. Donnelley acquires INK International, MT report from the ATA No. 14 March/April 1993 Why WordPerfect bought Reference software, pangloss: interlingua MT, Oracle's linguistic software group, Collins 100 line, Terminology focus: TermKey from CAP debis, Melby on TIF, Termbase design. Also: Seen at CeBIT '93 No. 15 May/June IBM's translation strategy, Houghton Mifflin's Software Division, Oxford & Dec's corpus tool, LRE Eagles off to a flying start, the LISA annual meeting, ARPA's funding for NSF ========================================== Concerning your querie about LT. This journal is no longer. I believe the last issue appeared 2 years ago. Instead I can recommend Language International. If you give me your address I'll forward a free inspection copy. With best regards, Kees Vaes John Benjamins Publishing Co. 100034.1023@CompuServe.COM -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-563. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-564. Mon 26 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 225 Subject: 4.564 Sum: Text Manipulation Software Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 15 Jul 1993 08:18:56 -0400 From: far@medinah.atc.ucarb.com (Forrest Richey) Subject: Summary: software for educational/recreational text manipulation -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 15 Jul 1993 08:18:56 -0400 From: far@medinah.atc.ucarb.com (Forrest Richey) Subject: Summary: software for educational/recreational text manipulation Summary of replies to Educational/Recreational Text manipulation Query, of 25 May 1993. Here is the edited original query followed by edited replies in the order received and finally a table of all of the software that I actually now have. Most of the software mentioned is available on the Internet. I have not learned yet how conveniently to distribute the software (as by depositing it at an ftp site). I'll attempt to fill requests if there are only a few but may need to automate the process (as by depositing at an ftp site) if there is much activity. So, with this summary, a question... how/where should I post these limited interest files? If there is continuing interest, I'll be pleased to act as a collection point with future re-posting. Sincerely Forrest Richey far@medinah.atc.ucarb.com --------original query (edited)-------- Subject: Wanted: software for educational/recreational text manipulation I'm looking for computer software for analysis and synthesis of text on Mac OS or MS DOS (or recompilable source). It should be affordable and simple enough for a student or teacher (K-12 or college) to use. Ideally it will produce an amusing or interesting result that will increase the user's appreciation of language, communication, and/or the connection of language to thought. --------Replies-------- (1) Date: Tue, 25 May 93 16:37:02 EDT From: John.M.Lawler@um.cc.umich.edu Subject: FOGGY foggy.zip (for DOS) and foggy.hqx (for Mac + Hypercard) are both available to anonymous ftp on linguistics.archive.umich.edu. foggy.zip is in /linguistics/software/dos and foggy.hqx is in /linguistics/software/mac. They assemble sentences and paragraphs from lists of canned phrases. But they're amusing. foggy.zip comes with Pascal source code and uses external files that can be easily added to. For teaching syntax, let me recommend any of the many versions of Eliza, the psychiatrist program. The scripts are usually modifiable, and changing Eliza into a paranoid or a feminist therapist or a Zen master is a very interesting (and amusing) exercise. Cheers, -John Lawler jlawler@umich.edu Program in Linguistics University of Michigan (2) From: j.guy@trl.OZ.AU (Jacques Guy) Subject: Your query about software Date: Wed, 26 May 1993 09:33:17 I had written, two or three years ago, an implementation of the algorithm described in my article "Fast high-order monkeys &c" in Quantitative Linguistics Vol.45 pp.125-130. Given a text, any text, it: 1. produces an on-screen concordance, 2. computes its word or character entropy to any order, 3. outputs a "mimic" text to any order. I hadn't uploaded it to any ftp sites, since I had discovered that it had a couple of (minor) bugs, and intended to rewrite it completely -- but never got around to doing so. In a different vein, you could try COGNATE.ZIP which you will find in the linguistics subdirectory at garbo.uwasa.fi and its many mirror sites (oak, too). Given any two sample wordlists in related languages, it finds which word pairs are likely to be cognate, and which phonemes/letters correspond to each other. It is based on an algorithm of mine which hasn't been published Both programs are written for PCs. (3) From: Tom Zeiler I recall an MS DOS shareware deal called the Creativity Package. Seems like "Thunderthought" might have been part of the name, too. Anyway, the user set up various lexicons which were used by the various programs to generate sentences, poetry, etc. It was kind of intriguing. (4) Date: Sun, 30 May 1993 12:56:26 -0400 Subject: K-12 linguistic software From: Stavros Macrakis Sender: macrakis@osf.org This is not a direct answer to your question, but MIT Press published a book on doing linguistics using Logo for K-12. ...they should be able to find it. There are only 4-5 books with "Logo" in their title from MIT Press. -s (5) From: Ron Southerland There are a couple of applications for the Mac that I know of: (1) TextMangler -- takes a bit of text as input and 'mangles' it into something else -- still interpretable as English text. (2) Deconstructor -- vaguely similar to the above. Its aim (as stated in its intro) is -- " Deconstructor is a text manipulation tool similar to Dissociated Press or Travesty. It reads text files, gets an idea of how they are structured, and then produces new text resembling, but not exactly like, the original." I haven't used this but the instructions accompanying it indicate that a number of subtle 'adjustments' can be made in the application to give all sorts of decontsructed evrions of a original text. Ron Southerland Linguistics (6) From: abailin@uwo.ca Re: Educational Software ALICE THE GENERATOR gives students practice in identifying the grammatical parts of sentences it randomly generates. Semantic restrictions are employed to avoid both anomalous and contradictory constructions, although the rules are left loose enough for ALICE to produce imaginative and entertaining exercises. The package contains a help facility which allows students to review the meaning of grammatical terms and a "playback" function which they can use to review their work at the end of a session. ALICE runs on MS-DOS systems with at least 512K and is in use at a number of high schools and universities. Price: $50 Canadian. No shipping charges or taxes. To order copies: BTS Educational Software 1160 Quinton Rd. London, Ontario N6H 4R1 Canada --------Software in possession of far@medinah.atc.ucarb.com-------- Programs for MS DOS: BABBLE- shareware, Korenthal Associates, NYC; analyzes input text for word pair frequency. Generates output text of similar pair concentrations. Includes several amusing switches such as 'lisp', 'fudd', etc. COGNATE- finds cognates in wordlists from two languages DADAPOEM- Freeware; generates text from editable lists of parts of speech and template sentences, phrases, etc. MONKEY- calculates on-screen concordance, determines character or word entropy and generates mimic text having any order of entropy. NAMEGRAM- Shareware, Neil Rubenking; finds words in your input name, phrase, etc. Generates anagrams using these words. TRANS- A simple, word substitution translator which uses data files to add languages. Includes learn mode so very flexible. TRAVESTY- Freeware; analyzes input text for character string concentrations. Generates output text of about the same concentrations. String length choosable for analysis. Mac Programs: Deconstructor- application; analyzes phrases, words, syllables, and characters of input and makes output. ELIZA- application; the cyberpsychiatrist. Generates output file. Source available. HyperGobbledegook- Hypercard (HC) stack. Generates maddeningly competent jargon. Karma Manager- HC stack; anagrams from your input name, phrase, etc. Merz Poetry 3.1- HC stack; DaDA poetry/haiku generator from editable parts of speech lists. Neologism Dictionary- HC stack; invented word collection with definitions. PataLiterator- HC stack; word synthesizer TextMangler- application; analyzes input text and generates output with same word pair/triads. Similar to BABBLE above for MS DOS but without the 'switches'. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-564. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-565. Mon 26 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 144 Subject: 4.565 Qs: Generics, French, Eskimo, Culture Texts, Nasals Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 15 Jul 1993 10:56:19 -0700 (PDT) From: Gail Stygall Subject: Generics and product names 2) Date: Thu, 15 Jul 1993 11:25:08 -0700 (PDT) From: French 500 course Subject: expression: peur bleue 3) Date: 19 Jul 1993 09:29:50 -0500 (EST) From: "DICK VEIT, ENGLISH, UNCW, (919) 395-3748" Subject: Query on Norse/Aleut/Dorset Eskimo linguistic interaction 4) Date: Mon, 19 Jul 1993 14:45:42 +0100 (BST) From: Dr M Sebba Subject: query - texts on language and culture 5) Date: Wed, 21 Jul 1993 14:48:43 +0100 From: peter.gebert@attis.rz.uni-konstanz.de Subject: nasal nuclei and nasal codas -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 15 Jul 1993 10:56:19 -0700 (PDT) From: Gail Stygall Subject: Generics and product names Does anyone have citations for how lexicographers decide that a product name has become a generic, e.g., Kleenex, Coke, etc.? Is there a numerical percentage of uses that tips the scale? Thanks. Post to me privately and I'll post to the list if there's interest. Gail Stygall, University of Washington, English stygall@u.washington.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 15 Jul 1993 11:25:08 -0700 (PDT) From: French 500 course Subject: expression: peur bleue I would appreciate to hear from francophones and non-native speakers of Subject: Query on Norse/Aleut/Dorset Eskimo linguistic interaction I am working on a dissertation on the contact of the Aleuts and Dorset Eskimos with the Norse settlers in Newfoundland around 988 A.D. I am looking for any research on linguistic influences of these three cultures upon one another. Any information or bibliographic references would be appreciated. Fiona Paulsson VEIT@VXC.UNCWIL.EDU -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Mon, 19 Jul 1993 14:45:42 +0100 (BST) From: Dr M Sebba Subject: query - texts on language and culture I'm looking for suggestions for key texts - articles or books, new or classic - on the theme of "language and culture" for a second/third year core course for a degree called Culture and Communication. All suggestions will be gratefully received; replies to me personally please. Thanks Mark Sebba Department of Linguistics Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YT, England Fax: (0524) 843085 e-mail: eia023@uk.ac.lancaster.central1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5) Date: Wed, 21 Jul 1993 14:48:43 +0100 From: peter.gebert@attis.rz.uni-konstanz.de Subject: nasal nuclei and nasal codas hi, i'm looking for languages which underlyingly make a clear distinction between the nasal feature appearing in the nucleus (as nasalization of vowels) and in the coda (in consonants). that is, languages that have at least some plain vowel ("v") and its nasalized version ("V") and have nasal consonants such that the inventory of those that can appear in onsets is a subset (not necessarily a proper one!) of those that can appear in the coda, and are then able to lexically distinguish at least the following rhymes, with "n" being an arbitrary but specific nasal consonant from the inventory, like say the velar nasal: 1. V, 2. vn, 3. Vn. please reply directly to my e-mail address below. lots of thanks in advance. Peter GEBERT Fachgruppe Sprachwissenschaft Universitaet Konstanz Postfach 5560 D-78434 Konstanz eMail: peter.gebert@popserver.uni-konstanz.de Tel.: (49)7531-883093 home: (49)7532-5854 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-565. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-566. Mon 26 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 166 Subject: 4.566 Qs: Discourse particles, ALPI, Intermediate traces, Spanish Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 14 Jul 1993 20:54:35 -0600 From: fcosws@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu (Steven Schaufele) Subject: query: semantics of discourse particles 2) Date: Thu, 22 Jul 1993 16:07:06 -0500 (EDT) From: heap@epas.utoronto.ca (David Heap) Subject: Query: ALPI? 3) Date: Thu, 22 Jul 1993 16:29:32 -0400 (EDT) From: MICHAEL K DICKEY Subject: Query: Intermediate Traces 4) Date: Wed, 21 Jul 93 16:02:01 EDT From: prieto@mbeya.research.att.com (pilar prieto) Subject: Spanish -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 14 Jul 1993 20:54:35 -0600 From: fcosws@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu (Steven Schaufele) Subject: query: semantics of discourse particles I am acquainted with the work of Goldberg, Schourup, etc. on the pragmatics of discourse particles such as 'actually', 'i mean', 'like', 'well', and 'y'know'. I'm wondering if anybody has investigated them from the point of view of formal semantics. I have a suspicion that such particles are, in fact, semantically vacuous and require 'semantic hosts', rather as clitics require phonological hosts. Does anybody out there know of any research in formal semantics that might relate to this issue, or of any attempt to integrate such particles into formal semantic theory? Sincerely, Steven ------ Dr. Steven Schaufele c/o Department of Linguistics 712 West Washington Ave. University of Illinois Urbana, IL 61801 4088 Foreign Languages Building 707 South Mathews Street 217-344-8240 Urbana, IL 61801 fcosws@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu *** O syntagmata linguarum liberemini humanarum! *** **** Nihil vestris privari nisi obicibus potestis! **** -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 22 Jul 1993 16:07:06 -0500 (EDT) From: heap@epas.utoronto.ca (David Heap) Subject: Query: ALPI? I am currently studying the range of variation in pronominal clitic clusters across Romance varieties, and am rather short of dialect survey data for Ibero-Romance varieties. There was a survey done in the '30s for the _Atlas Linguistico de la Peninsula Iberica_ (or ALPI), of which one volume (containing 75 phonetic maps) eventually appeared in 1962. According to Tomas Navarro Tomas (1975:15), the remaining survey materials were (are?) in Madrid, either at the 'Centro de Estudios Historicos', or elsewhere under the auspices of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. This is as much as I have been able to find out, and I would greatly appreciate it if anyone could provide any more information about the following questions: 1) Exactly where are the remaining ALPI survey materials? Can researchers gain access to them? Under what conditions? 2) Was the questionnaire used for the ALPI survey published (or otherwise available) anywhere? At this point, it is unclear just how much morphological data (of the sort that interests me) might have been elicited in this survey. 3) Are there any other linguistic atlas or similar dialect surveys of the Ibero-Romance varieties which include at least some data involving pronominal clitics? I am already familiar with the various regional atlases by M. Alvar et al. (Andalucia, Aragon-Navarra-Rioja, and Islas Canarias), as well as Griera i Gaja's Catalan atlas. I would be _most_ interested in any other surveys, either completed or in progress, using questionnaires which could provide at least some data on pronominal clitics. Any other practical information regarding dialectological research in Spain would also be greatly appreciated. Please reply to me personally as I will be set to NOMAIL in the near future; I will eventually post a summary if there enough interest. Many thanks in advance, David Heap University of Toronto heap@epas.utoronto.ca -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Thu, 22 Jul 1993 16:29:32 -0400 (EDT) From: MICHAEL K DICKEY Subject: Query: Intermediate Traces Out of curiosity, what empirical evidence is there for the existence of intermediate traces *other than* stuff from Subjacency, etc.? Some people around here have noted Esther Torrego's analysis of obligatory subject inversion in wh- questions in Spanish and Quantifier Float stuff. (Somebody also mentioned AgrO object agreement phenomena, and the French que/qui alternation.) What other phenomena, particularly non-adjunct movement examples, illustrate intermediate traces at work? Please respond directly to me, and I will post a summary. Mike Dickey mkdickey@titan.ucs.umass.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Wed, 21 Jul 93 16:02:01 EDT From: prieto@mbeya.research.att.com (pilar prieto) Subject: Spanish I would appreciate any information or pointers about the existence of Spanish databases with the any of the following characteristics: 1/ Spanish text with parts-of-speech labels. 2/ Spanish text with syntactic labels. 3/ Spanish speech (any dialect) with phoneme segmentation. 4/ Spanish speech (any dialect) with some kind of prosodic labelling. I would also appreciate any information on commercial and non-commercial programs for Spanish text processing: 1/ parts-of-speech taggers 2/ syntactic parsers Please reply to my address, and I'll summarize the responses to the list. Thanks in advance, Pilar Prieto prieto@research.att.com -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-566. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-567. Mon 26 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 149 Subject: 4.567 Qs: Compounds, Russian, ARTFL, Mandarin Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 22 Jul 1993 20:25:45 -0400 (EDT) From: Beard Robert E Subject: Request for information on compounds 2) Date: 21 Jul 93 23:11:00 EST From: "STEVE SEEGMILLER" Subject: The Great Russian Vocabulary Hoax? 3) Date: Thu, 22 Jul 1993 13:35:34 -0300 From: LAPIERRE@ac.dal.ca Subject: ARTFL 4) Date: Mon, 26 Jul 93 04:19:47 EDT From: acw@bronze.lcs.mit.edu (Allan C. Wechsler) Subject: Phonology of Mandarin -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 22 Jul 1993 20:25:45 -0400 (EDT) From: Beard Robert E Subject: Request for information on compounds I am working on a project to determine the modifier-head order in nominal compounds in a GB-like framework without resorting to movement. The problem is seen in English compounds like _lion-hunter_ which seem related to _hunt lions_ but whose modifier(adjunct, complement, specifier)-head order is just the reverse of the phrase. The working hypothesis of this project is that at least some languages maintain a strict modifier-head order which holds across syntax and the lexicon, and is most predictably reflected in the relation of adjuncts to nouns in NPs, e.g. _red car_ = M + H. If this hypothesis is true for some languages, conflicts arise between the Hoeksema-Stump 'head-application default' and the availability of prefixes and suffixes to mark compounds. The head-application default' is the preference affixes show for the heads of compounds, e.g. _understand_ : _understood_ and _mothers-in-law_. The conflict arises in languages whose modifier-head order is M + H if the language is predominately prefixing and those with H + M order if the language is predominately suffixing. I predict that if a language is compelled by default modifier position to locate the compound modifier in that position normally occupied by the affix if the derivation were not compound, affixation will be forced by the head-application default to an internal position (_mothers-in-law_) or to be omitted (_pick-pocket_). The first method seems very unpopular for derivation, probably because it violates Lexicalism; the second appears in French and other Romance language (_coup-eur_ "cutter" but _coupe-fil_ "wirecutter"). This variation in noun compound affixation, in other words, is predicted by the default order of the single adjunct modifying a noun in a NP: A + N in English, N + A in French. (_Pick-pocket_ compounds are, of course, unproductive in English). This principle holds in a substantial number of IE, Turkic, Finno- Ugric, Bantu, and Paleosiberian languages but the grammars seem to indicate that Amerindian languages like Kiowa, Navajo, Dakota, and Koasati do not follow this principle and often have opposite modifier-head order in NPs and compounds, e.g. Kaosati _isa hatka_ = house white "a white house" but _alahko-bit-li_ = gourd-dance-Suf "gourd-dancer (moth)". I am also having difficulty finding data from Turkana, Hausa, Somali, Djirbal, Diyari, or related Australian languages, some of which also seem to be problematic. I would deeply appreciate two bits of information on these or related languages or any other language with an interesting pattern between single NP adjunct and noun compound order: 1. The 'normal', 'default', or 'most common' order of Adj+N and V+Obj sequences in the language, and 2. some typical examples of synthetic V+N, A+N, and N+N nominal compounds with meanings like those of _lion-hunter_, _lion-hunting_, _lion-huntery_, _left-hander_, _(an) egg-head_, _(a) long-hair_. Any other advice on the languages mentioned above or any other which reflect or fails to reflect this parallel would also be appreciated. Please address all responses to me, and I will summarize the results and share them later on. --Robert Beard, Linguistics Program, Bucknell University -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: 21 Jul 93 23:11:00 EST From: "STEVE SEEGMILLER" Subject: The Great Russian Vocabulary Hoax? The July 27, 1992 issue of The New Yorker contains an article by Robert Cullen entitled "Siberia" in which the following sentence appears: Clumps of birch and evergreen trees broke up the vista of white rolling fields, populated by occasional flocks of black-and-white magpies or red-winged finches called _sneguri_ -- a name derived from on of the dozens of Russian words relating to snow. Well, it's been a long time, but I studied Russian for a number of years, and the only word relating to snow that I ever encountered was _sneg_ (along with a coue of clearly related forms like _snez^nyj_. This is also the only word listed in my (admitteldy poor) Russian dictionary. Did I miss something important, or are we seeing here an incipient myth comparable to the one about Eskimo words for snow? Steve Seegmiller -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Thu, 22 Jul 1993 13:35:34 -0300 From: LAPIERRE@ac.dal.ca Subject: ARTFL I would like to know if anyone has used the ARTFL corpus for syntactic analyses? L. Lapierre Department of French Dalhousie (NS, Canada) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Mon, 26 Jul 93 04:19:47 EDT From: acw@bronze.lcs.mit.edu (Allan C. Wechsler) Subject: Phonology of Mandarin How big is the vowel repertoire of Mandarin Chinese? This question is prompted by the bizarre mapping of graph to segment in the Pin1-yin1 orthography. I also have a possibly garbled memory of someone claiming that the vowel repertoire was in fact much smaller than one would guess from the phonetic range on the surface; did someone claim there were only two vowel phonemes? Can anyone reconstruct the reasoning for me? -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-567. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-568. Mon 26 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 208 Subject: 4.568 Call for Papers: Amsterdam Colloquium Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 16 Jul 1993 09:46:10 +0200 From: ac9@illc.uva.nl (Ninth Amsterdam Colloquium) Subject: Ninth Amsterdam Colloquium -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 16 Jul 1993 09:46:10 +0200 From: ac9@illc.uva.nl (Ninth Amsterdam Colloquium) Subject: Ninth Amsterdam Colloquium %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % Second and Last Call for Papers % % % % THE NINTH AMSTERDAM COLLOQUIUM % % 14-th -- 17-th December 1993 % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% The ninth edition of the AMSTERDAM COLLOQUIUM will be held: From Tuesday 14-th till Friday 17-th of DECEMBER 1993 For general information about the Amsterdam Colloquiua, cf., below. The Ninth Amsterdam Colloquium consists of invited lectures and contributed talks. The following people have in principle accepted our invitation to give a lecture: Jens Erik Fenstad (Oslo) Erhard Hinrichs (T\"ubingen) David Israel (Stanford) Hans Kamp (Stuttgart) Barbara Partee (Amherst) Mats Rooth (Stuttgart) Mark Steedman (Philadelphia) The Colloquium furthermore has room for 40 contributed talks of approximately 40 minutes. People who want to contribute a paper are requested to send in SIX ANONYMOUS copies of an extended ABSTRACT of two to three pages (1000 words). The abstract must include a short, 10 line, SUMMARY clearly indicating subject matter and conclusions. A separate leaflet should specify the author's name, affiliation, postal address, e-mail address plus the title of the contribution. The DEADLINE for submissions is September 1-st, 1993. All abstracts will be strictly refereed by a program committee, consisting of: Renate Bartsch (Amsterdam) Johan van Benthem (Amsterdam) Peter van Emde Boas (Amsterdam) Jens Erik Fenstad (Oslo) Hans Kamp (Stuttgart) Ewan Klein (Edinburgh) Michael Moortgat (Utrecht) Barbara Partee (Amherst) Mark Steedman (Philadelphia) Frank Veltman (Amsterdam) Contributors will be notified of acceptance by October 15. In November, the program, which includes the summaries of the accepted papers, will be distributed among the participants. The accepted papers will be published in the Conference Proceedings, due March 1994. The deadline for sending in final versions of the papers is February 1-st. IMPORTANT DATES 15 May Call for papers 15 July Second and last call for papers --> 1 September Deadline for submissions 3 September Abstracts are forwarded to program committee 10-30 September Abstracts are refereed 7-14 October Establishing the program --> 15 October Notification of acceptance 15 November Distribution of program 14-17 December Amsterdam colloquium 1 February Final versions of papers due 15 March Publication of proceedings In order to smooth organization, it would be very much appreciated if anyone who intends to send in an abstract lets us know as soon as possible. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % % _ _ _ _ _____________ % % / \ / \ | \ | | |___ _______| % % /---\ | | \ | | _ _ _ | | _ _ % % / \ \ _ / | \ | | |_| | \ | | | | | | | | % % | |\ \ | | _ | \ | | | | | | | | % % | | \ \ | | | | | \ | | | | | |_| | % % | | \ \| | | | | |\ \| | | | | _ | % % _ _ _ | | \ | | | | | \ | | | | | | | % % | |_| |_| _| | | \ | | | | | \ | | | | | | | % % | _| _| _| |_| \_| |_| |_| \_| |_| |_| |_| % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% GENERAL INFORMATION The ninth edition of the Amsterdam Colloquium will be held from Tuesday 14-th untill Friday 17-th of December 1993 at the University of Amsterdam. The Amsterdam Colloquia are organized every two years under the auspices of the ILLC (`Institute for Logic, Language and Computation'), in which the Department of Philosophy, the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, and the Department of Computational Linguistics of the University of Amsterdam cooperate to stimulate and coordinate interdisciplinary research. The Amsterdam Colloquia focus on the interdisciplinary study of semantics (broadly conceived) and aim at bringing together logicians, philosophers, linguists and computer scientists who share an interest in semantics. The spectrum of topics covered ranges from descriptive (semantic analyses of all kinds of expressions), to theoretical (logical and computational properties of semantic theories, philosophical foundations). The papers presented at the various Colloquia have been collected in the respective Colloquia proceedings (those of the Eighth are still available), and selections of papers have been published in the GRASS-series, FORIS Publications, Dordrecht. The organizing committee of the Ninth Amsterdam Colloquium consists of: Paul Dekker Herman Hendriks Marjorie Pigge Martin Stokhof. Financial support is provided by: the ILLC, Institute for Logic, Language and Computation the Departments of Philosophy, of Mathematics and Computer Science and of Computational Linguistics, from the University of Amsterdam the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences (KNAW) the European Foundation for Logic, Language and Computation (FoLLI) ATTENDANCE The conference fee for the Ninth Amsterdam Colloquium is Dfl 200,-, which includes costs of attendance, lunches, program and a copy of the proceedings. FoLLI members are entitled to a 10\% discount. Registration forms, including hotel registration forms, can be obtained via the organizing committee. If you want to be sent such forms, as soon as they become available, please send in the reply form attached below. FURTHER INFORMATION For further information, please contact: Organizing Committee Ninth Amsterdam Colloquium ILLC/Department of Philosophy Nieuwe Doelenstraat 15 1012 CP Amsterdam The Netherlands tel: +31 20 5254541 fax: +31 20 5254503 email: ac9@illc.uva.nl .......................................................... Reply form Name ................................................... Address ................................................... ................................................... City ................... Zip Code ...................... Country ................... email ...................... O wants to receive further information O intends to attend the Colloquium O intends to send in an abstract O wants to be sent the hotel registration form %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% -------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-568. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-569. Mon 26 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 290 Subject: 4.569 Software on Michigan Linguistics Fileserver Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 18 Jul 93 10:50:20 EDT From: John.M.Lawler@um.cc.umich.edu Subject: Software available on linguistics.archive.umich.edu -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 18 Jul 93 10:50:20 EDT From: John.M.Lawler@um.cc.umich.edu Subject: Software available on linguistics.archive.umich.edu Dear Colleagues, Having recently updated the index (00index.txt) files on the Mac and DOS software directories on the University of Michigan Linguistics Archive (linguistics.archive.umich.edu), I thought it might be worthwhile to post them to LINGUIST all at once. As the collection increases, I hope to be able to post updates from time to time. All of the software here is available via anonymous FTP. *Brief* instructions: ftp linguistics.archive.umich.edu -- to connect to the archives cd linguistics -- to get to the linguistics archive cd software -- to get to the software directories cd mac -- to get to the Mac directory ... or ... cd dos -- to get to the DOS directory ls -ls -- to see a list of files (binary) -- in dos directory *only*; to set up binary transfer get -- *exactly* as in file listing; Unix is CaSe-SeNsItIvE ! -- Repeat "get" commands as needed quit -- to log off If you want more information on ftp, let me know and I'll send you what I have available. However, your best resource is your local system guru, since installations vary considerably. If you have software you'd like to make available on the archives, put it in linguistics/uploads *AND THEN SEND E-MAIL TO ME ABOUT IT*. (I won't put anything in the archives without information about where it comes from.) By the way, there's a lot more on the archives besides software. Check out linguistics/papers, linguistics/papers/available, and linguistics/handouts/syllabi, for instance. We welcome contributions and suggestions. Cheers, -John Lawler Linguistics Archivist Program in Linguistics linguistics.archive.umich.edu University of Michigan ___________________________________________________________________________ Directory structure of linguistics.archive.umich.edu: 1) Date: Sun, 18 Jul 93 10:50:20 EDT From: John.M.Lawler@um.cc.umich.edu Subject: Software available on linguistics.archive.umich.edu (where you log in) ---> / | (cd linguistics) ---> linguistics | +-----+--------+---------+-----+----+------------+ | | | | | | | | lexica handouts uploads | papers software | | | | | | +------+----+------+ | available +---+---+ | | | | | | | | | | syllabi exams misc problems | dos mac unix | | fonts linguist.list | | +---+---+ +--------+---+----+--------+ | | | | | | | dos mac next volume.1 volume.2 volume.3 volume.4 ___________________________________________________________________________ Index of Mac software on /linguistics/software/mac directory: (/linguistics/software/mac/00index.txt) This list is intended to include all and only the files within this directory. You may find that some of the paths listed here do not point to this directory. That is ok; the physical paths are given here but there may be a link in another location. If you find any problems or you wish to add to or change the descriptions given here, please do not hesitate to write comments@mac.archive.umich.edu. [NB - All files in the mac archive are ASCII text files, and may be downloaded in TEXT mode. You will need the indicated compression utility (CompactPro or various flavors of StuffIt) to decompress these.] SIZE DATE (KBYTES) ARCHIVED COMPRESSION FORMAT(S) ___________________________________________________________________________ /linguistics/software/mac/lsacomputersurvey.cpt.hqx 114 1/27/93 BinHex4.0,Compact1.33 A Hypercard version of the raw data from the 1991 LSA Members' Computer Survey. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- /linguistics/software/mac/foggy.cpt.hqx 18 10/23/92 BinHex4.0,Compact1.33 A Hypercard version of an extremely simple, "one-from-column-A-and- one-from-column-B" pseudotext generator, with modules covering Software Engineering, Folklore Research, and Government and Binding Theory. DOS version: /linguistics/software/dos/foggy.zip (with source code in TurboPascal). ----------------------------------------------------------------------- /linguistics/software/mac/aworldofwords.cpt.hqx 612 6/3/93 BinHex4.0,Compact1.33 A set of 11 HyperCard educational stacks about linguistics, including Fnek Slab (English phonemic symbols) and HyperHomer (a hypertext version of the prooemion to the Iliad in Homeric Greek). Requires HyperCard and MacInTalk. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- /linguistics/software/mac/conc1.71.cpt.hqx 363 2/6/93 BinHex4.0,Compact1.33 This program will create by-character or by-word concordances for any text you feed it. Searching, sorting, and other capabilities. Well done. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- /linguistics/software/mac/esperanto.sit.hqx 864 12/18/91 BinHex4.0,StuffIt1.5.1 This stack is an introduction to Esperanto, a "universal" language designed to be used as a second language. The stack contains a lot of information, including a full alphabet, example sentences/ transactions. It talks as well, if Macintalk is installed. Also called "Esperanto KL" and "hiperkarto-stako". Requires HyperCard. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- /linguistics/software/mac/esperantocourse3.0.sit.hqx 556 2/28/93 BinHex4.0,StuffIt3.05 "A brief, but complete introduction to the grammar and vocabulary of the international language, Esperanto." Will talk if MacinTalk is available. Requires HyperCard. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- /linguistics/software/mac/ktext1.03.sit.hqx 131 4/13/92 BinHex4.0,StuffItDeluxe KTEXT, a morphological parser that processes text. Intended to be used with PC-KIMMO (though it is a stand-alone program). ----------------------------------------------------------------------- /linguistics/software/mac/greekverbhelp1.2.sea.hqx 243 7/19/93 BinHex4.0,Self-Extracting Archive Matt Neuburg, PhD Greek Verb Help (V.1.2) is a stand-alone application (created with Storyspace) providing hypertext access amongst the various parts of the paradigm of the Greek o-class verb, with comments pointing out various pitfalls and ambiguities. Moods, tenses, and voices are color-coded. Free, and free to distribute. ___________________________________________________________________________ Index of DOS software on /linguistics/software/dos directory: /linguistics/software/dos/00index.txt @ linguistics.archive.umich.edu ----------------------------------------------------------------------- [NB - All DOS files except those explicitly marked as "text" must be downloaded in *BINARY* mode. Do a 'BINARY' command before doing an FTP 'GET'. You will need a ZIP utility (PKZIP is the most common one) to decompress these; self-extracting archives are DOS programs that unpack themselves upon being run.] /linguistics/software/dos/it11c.zip 9/11/91 318,640 compressed [NB: embedded subdirectories, unzip w/ -d option] Evan Antworth, Summer Institute Of Linguistics IT, interlinear text processor, version 1.1c. For developing a corpus of annotated interlinear text. The centerpiece of IT is a program called itp -- an interactive and automated interlinear text processor, which retrieves interlinear word and morpheme annotations from an on-line database of lexical information which it maintains. Produces ASCII files useful for concordancing, indexing, or display formatting. Also includes a collection of other software tools which support the conversion of conventional texts to interlinear text format and which support the maintenance of the auxiliary lexical database files. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- /linguistics/software/dos/interbas.exe 5/6/93 894,537 self-extracting /linguistics/software/dos/interba1.exe 5/20/93 1,258,380 self-extracting /linguistics/software/dos/interbas.txt 5/20/93 3,653 text Sergei P. Trapeznikov, Sergei I. Kuchin An English demo of the InterBase system for constructing natural language interfaces for databases in xBase format for MS-DOS, together with a series of demo linguistic processors for various applied software systems. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- /linguistics/software/dos/sapir.com 4/5/93 2,048 executable John Lawler, University of Michigan Displays a quotation from Sapir. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- /linguistics/software/dos/foggy.zip 4/2/92 26,839 compressed John Lawler, University of Michigan An extremely simple, "one-from-column-A-and-one-from-column-B" pseudotext generator, with TurboPascal V.5.5 source code and modules covering Software Engineering, Folklore Research, and Government and Binding Theory. Mac version: /linguistics/software/mac/foggy.cpt.hqx (requires HyperCard 2.x) ----------------------------------------------------------------------- /linguistics/software/dos/verbal.zip 11/3/92 125,559 compressed John and Muriel Higgins, School of Education, Bristol BS8 1JA, UK VERBALIST (V.1.1) is a "verb-building robot" that demonstrates various inflectional forms of English verbs, and indicates as well some of their collocational restrictions. Includes an interesting summary of the overt rules used. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- /linguistics/software/dos/sh12a.zip 10/31/91 296,728 compressed [NB: embedded subdirectories, unzip w/ -d option] Evan Antworth, Summer Institute Of Linguistics SHOEBOX (V.1.2a) is a database program for field linguists. Can enter, edit, and analyze lexical, textual, anthropological and other types of data, maintain a dictionary or more complex lexicon, inter- linearize text, automatically entering new words into the dictionary, do grammatical filing and analysis of text data, enter and file cultural notes, and maintain nonlinguistic types of databases, such as address lists or library catalogs. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- /linguistics/software/dos/kgen02.zip 1/28/92 32,132 compressed /linguistics/software/dos/ktext093.zip 1/28/92 104,933 compressed /linguistics/software/dos/pckim105.zip 1/28/92 237,010 compressed [NB: embedded subdirectories, unzip w/ -d option] Evan Antworth, Summer Institute Of Linguistics PC-Kimmo and KTEXT morphological parsing utilities. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-569. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-570. Mon 26 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 75 Subject: 4.570 Request for information: Universal Claims about NP's Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 19 Jul 93 15:05:23 BST From: Simon Kirby Subject: Request: Universal Claims (noun phrase) -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 19 Jul 93 15:05:23 BST From: Simon Kirby Subject: Request: Universal Claims (noun phrase) EUROTYP project: an Inventory of Noun Phrase Universals Request for universals: ---------------------- The noun phrase group of the EUROTYP project is attempting to set up a database of universal claims made in the linguistic literature relating to the internal structure of the noun phrase. The aim is to provide the academic community with an inventory of any postulated universals in order to aid research. The database will be a bibliographic rather than scientific inventory in that a claim need not be fully justified in order to be included. In other words, we are aiming for bibliographic completeness rather than correctness. We are therefore making a request for information on any postulated universals that relate to internal noun phrase structure. Each final inventory entry will include, where relevant: - a reference to the source of the universal (and any other relevant references), - a name for and statement of the universal (formal or prose), - a list of any languages that are problematic or falsify the claimed universal, - a brief comment pointing to other relevant work, possible explanations for the universal, or clarificatory remarks. The database will also include a keyword/classification system in order to enable the user to search for relevant universals. If you are aware of any claimed noun phrase universals in the literature or have any queries or suggestions relating to this project, then please e-mail or write to the address below. Thank you in advance, Simon Kirby (Please circulate this message among your colleagues.) E-Mail: eurotyp@ling.ed.ac.uk Address: Simon Kirby, Noun Phrase Inventory Department of Linguistics The University of Edinburgh Adam Ferguson Building George Square Edinburgh EH8 9LL Scotland -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-570. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-571. Mon 26 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 99 Subject: 4.571 Sum: Passive Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 19 Jul 93 15:41 EDT From: "Barbara.Abbott" Subject: passive frequency summary -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 19 Jul 93 15:41 EDT From: "Barbara.Abbott" Subject: passive frequency summary Thanks to all those responded to my recent request about frequency of passives: Sue Blackwell, Brian Blinson, Kay Bock, Simon Corston, Louise Cornelis, Scott DeLancey, Pamela Downing, David Gil, Jeff Kaplan, Charles Meyer, Dennis Preston. I did in fact get one reference backing up the claim that passives are more frequent, but not for English. The other references support the claim that passives are less frequent than actives. Here is a summary. ================================================== In Quirk et al.'s _A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language_, it is stated on pp. 166-7 that overall in English the active voice is more frequent than the passive voice. However, they also note that the frequency of the voices varies by genre, with the passive being more frequent in certain genres (e.g. informative prose) than in others (e.g. imaginative prose). =================================================== Svartvik, J. (1966). On voice in the English verb. The Hague: Mouton. It is corpus-based, and breaks the various corpora down so that you can compare changes in the proportions of actives and passives across different kinds of discourse. ==================================================== There are some statistics on this in E. Judith Weiner and Wm. Labov (1983) "Constraints on the agentless passive" Journal of Linguistics 19:29-58. They find that, as far as AGENTLESS passives go, passives constitute 40% of the agentless sentences in their "careful" sample, 32% of their "casual" sample. ==================================================== One source is Talmy Givon, _On Understanding Grammar_, pp. 57-65 ==================================================== Doug Biber's 1988 'Variation across speech and writing' (Cambridge) reports on agentless and by-passives separately for a large number of spoken and written genres (in British English only). The highest mean score (per 1000 words) is for the written genre 'official documents,' in which agentless passives are18.6 and by-passives are 2.1. In phone conversations (the least) agentless passives are down to 3.4 and there were no by-passives. This is from a large and current corpus, but I doubt if it would be significantly different for US English.The problem is that there are no good spoken texts for such computational studies derived from US data. ====================================================== Hopper, Paul J. and Thompson, Sandra A. 1980. `Transitivity in grammar and discourse.' Language 56.251-299. -- They give some pseudo-stats: 12% of backgrounded clauses in their English corpus are passive, while 4% of their foregrounded clauses are passive. They never give sample sizes or anything though. Svartvik, J. 1966. _On voice in the English verb_. The Hague: Mouton. Thompson, Sandra A. 1987. `The passive in English: A discourse perspective.' In Channon and Shockey (eds.) 497-511 _In honor of Ilse Lehiste: Ilse Lehiste Puhendusteos ===================================================== For some references to the effect that passives *are* more frequent than actives, albeit in Austronesian languages see David Gil, "On the Notion of 'Direct Object' in Patient Prominent Languages", in F. Plank ed., "Objects: Towards a Theory of Grammatical Relations", Academic Press, 1984. and articles cited therein by Cena and de Guzman. As for English, Givon (1979) "On Understanding Grammar" has some percentages for various registers. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-571. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-572. Mon 26 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 124 Subject: 4.572 Jobs: Languages of N. Europe, French, English Language Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 18 Jul 1993 12:03:29 +0200 From: Thomas Mueller-Bardey Subject: Languages of Northern Europe 2) Date: 21 Jul 1993 2:56 PM CST From: BLAALDWY@UIAMVS.Bitnet Subject: Fremch linguistics job, U. of Nantes 3) Date: Fri, 23 Jul 93 15:14 From: BLACKWELLSA@vms1.bham.ac.uk Subject: Temporary Lectureship in English Language -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 18 Jul 1993 12:03:29 +0200 From: Thomas Mueller-Bardey Subject: Languages of Northern Europe - Professorship Languages of Northern Europe and the Baltic States - University of Mainz, Germany (Rhineland-Palatine) - tenure (C 3, appr. 50,000 - 60,000 US$) - Language groups: North Germanic, Baltic Finnic, Baltic - Research and language practice within at least one of the above groups required - Main focus: language typology, areal linguistics, language change (the position is based at the Dep. of General Linguistics) - Applicants should be prepared to cooperate in interdisciplinary and non-academic activities concerning the area (resources exist). - Due date: Sept 15th 1993 - Address: Dekan des Fachbereichs 14 Jakob-Welder-Weg 18 D-55099 Mainz -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: 21 Jul 1993 2:56 PM CST From: BLAALDWY@UIAMVS.Bitnet Subject: Fremch linguistics job, U. of Nantes Announcement of a position in French Linguistics University of Nantes This is a temporary position in French Linguistics, at the University of Nantes for the 1993-94 academic year, and perhaps for the following year. It can be filled either by a visiting professor, with PhD, who could also supervise theses, or by a graduate student who is close to completing the PhD. There is interest in candidates who could teach history of the French language, grammar of the French of the Renaissance or 17th century, or French linguistics. Interested applicants should send a letter summarizing their qualifications, and a curriculum vitae which includes publications and papers presented. Offprints of relevant publications would be appreciated. Applications should be sent immediately to either of the following: Benoit de Cornulier, 1 Place Foch, 44000 Nantes, France. Tel. 40 37 07 61 or 40 72 32 35 Section de Linguistique (dir. Bernard Bolo), Dpt. de Lettres Modernes, Fac. des Lettres, Univ. de Nantes, 44036 Nantes Cedex 01, France. Tel. 40 14 10 10 FAX 40 14 10 05 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Fri, 23 Jul 93 15:14 From: BLACKWELLSA@vms1.bham.ac.uk Subject: Temporary Lectureship in English Language *** JOB VACANCIES IN LINGUISTICS *** The University of Birmingham - School of English Temporary Lectureship in English Language Applications are invited for the post of Temporary Lecturer (1 year) in English Language. Candidates should have a doctorate or be well advanced towards a doctorate, and publications would be an advantage. Candidates should be specialists in descriptive and/or applied English Linguistics with an ability to teach across the range of undergraduate Modern English Language courses. Reference A1508/93. Salary on the scale Lecturer: 13,601 - 25,107 pounds a year. Centre for English Language Studies Lecturer in ELT / Applied Linguistics One year in the first instance, to join a team of lecturers running teacher training courses (MA and BA) in ELT. MA in ELT / Applied Linguistics required plus ELT teaching/training experience, preferably overseas. Reference A14721/93. Salary on the scale 13,601 - 18,885 pounds p.a. Starting date for both posts is 1st October or a.s.a.p. Application forms (returnable by 9th August) and further particulars available from the Director of Staffing Services, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT. Telephone 021-414-6483 (24 hours), quoting the appropriate reference number. (do NOT reply by e-mail!!!) Working towards equal opportunities. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-572. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-573. Mon 26 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 182 Subject: 4.573 Epicene Pronouns, Farang Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 15 Jul 93 12:17 CDT From: George Aaron Broadwell Subject: epicene pronouns 2) Date: Wed, 21 Jul 1993 15:47:42 +0700 (GMT+0700) From: Gwyn Williams Subject: More Replies on "FARANG" and related terms -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 15 Jul 93 12:17 CDT From: George Aaron Broadwell Subject: epicene pronouns I've never understood why people upset about generic `he' are unwilling to use the perfectly good `they'. This has the advantage of avoiding sexism and the incalculable advantage of being what people actually say in colloquial English anyway, e.g. Everyone loves their mother. This sort of sentence seems to be universally disdained by those who have considered the problem because `everyone may only be referred to with a singular pronoun.' This claim is obviously false on a descriptive level, since the reverse is true in colloquial English. But for some reason that is mysterious to me, even linguists tend to be prescriptivists on this subject, and insist on a singular pronoun here, leading the problem of sexism. Two caveats: -- I would not be surprised if someone sensible has already suggested this, but I don't see that the suggestion is being taken very seriously. -- I will admit that there may be some sentences where the plural pronoun sounds odd, e.g ?An assistant professor should prepare themselves carefully for tenure consideration. However, I maintain that the plural pronoun is appropriate, colloquial, and non-sexist in most of the contexts where neologistic pronouns have been proposed. Aaron Broadwell aa2492@uokmvsa.bitnet -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 21 Jul 1993 15:47:42 +0700 (GMT+0700) From: Gwyn Williams Subject: More Replies on "FARANG" and related terms Subsequent to my earlier postings to Linguist List (4.424, 4.459, and 4.492), the interest has continued and several more replies have come in. Many thanks to all for their contributions. Gwyn Williams On Mon, 21 Jun 1993 From: Stavros Macrakis wrote: "Vlach" or "aroumanian" is indeed a Romance language spoken in Greece. Most linguists consider it a dialect of Romanian, although some would like to consider it a distinct language (especially in Greece...). "Aroumanian" is the "polite" or "scholarly" term, "vlach" having become denigratory in many people's speech (= "rube, bumpkin", more or less), although it has a perfectly respectable origin, as you point out. It would be interesting to delineate what exactly "Frank" means in various places. For instance, where exactly was it used as a term for one's own group? ("I am a Frank") Where does one get far enough away from the Near Eastern definition (= Crusader, more or less) so that (for instance) Orthodox Christians and Jews could be considered Franks? etc. On Tue, 22 Jun 93 CLEMENTS@ucs.indiana.edu wrote: In Marathi the word "phiringi" means outsider or foreigner and could be related to "farang". The same word might exist in Hindi too, but I'm not sure about that. On Fri, 25 Jun 93 Jacqueline Lecarme wrote: The term is widespread in the Horn of Africa. In Somali, a hamito-semitic (or afro-asiatic) language, it is spelled out *ferenji* in the national orthography, and is to be translated simply as *foreigner*. To especially refer to a white person, there is another term (*gaal*, literally meaning *infidel*, without any racist connotation). The feminine form *ferenjiyad* indicates quite clearly that the word is borrowed from Arabic. According to the somali tradition, *ferenji* goes back to the crusaders and contains the concept of *Frank*. On Wed, 14 Jul 93 David Gil wrote: For the last two months I was away from email (being a farang in various southeast Asian countries), so I only recently came across the interesting discussion of the etymology of "farang" on the linguist list. Most of what I had to offer has already been said, but here are a few minor contributions to the discussion, ordered from west to east: (In the phonetic transcriptions, [E] denotes a schewa; [N] a retroflex nasal; [n>] a velar nasal.) HEBREW: In (rather old-fashioned) Hebrew slang, [fren>k] is a derogatory term for a Jew of Sephardi (ie. North African or Middle Eastern, as opposed to European) provenance. So in Hebrew, the term has undergone a semantic switcheroo, referring to someone of oriental origin; though it has preserved its derogatory quality present in Thai and elsewhere. A couple of further queries for any Hebrew-speaking readers: (a) What is the immediate origin of the term? (It doesn't seem to be Arabic. Rachel Giora, my only Singaporean informant for Hebrew, suggested that it might be from some version of "French", given that many oriental Jews are francophones.) (b) Since I don't have this word in my (practically native) active competence, I'm not sure about this, but I seem to recall that the term is/was used specifically for oriental Jews who adopted various occidental mannerisms, such as clothing: is this the case, or just a figment of my imagination? (If true, this would bring the term in line with its many cognates elsewhere.) MALAYALAM: Contra Caroline Wiltshire and Harold Schiffman, my two Malayalam informants here in Singapore, Tara and K.P. Mohanan, are familiar with neither [farangi] nor [firangi] but rather [paran>ki], with the more specific gloss "Portuguese". The word also appears in the compounds [paran>kimaan>n>a] "Portuguese mango" meaning "cashew fruit", and (I bet some readers will like this) [paran>kippuNNE] "Portuguese ulcer" meaning "syphilis". LAO: Not surprisingly, during a recent visit to Vientiane, I heard the term [faran>] being used (sorry, but I wouldn't be able to provide an accurate phonetic transcription). AUSTRONESIAN: Only negative evidence here. No cognate in Tagalog (the local term is "Americano", often shortened to "Cano"). No cognate in Peranakan Malay, the dialect spoken by the long-term Chinese residents of the Malacca straits, who, given their propensity for commerce, might have perhaps been expected to borrow the word from the Persian traders. Finally, my Minangkabau informant was unable to offer any cognates; again, since this language is spoken by Moslems in Western Sumatra, they would presumably have be among the first Austronesians to borrow such a word. So it looks as though the word has failed to penetrate the Austronesian phylum. (With the doubtful exception of Samoan.) As for Standard Malay/Indonesian "barang", meaning "goods", I'm no Austronesianist, but this strikes me as being a rather weak etymology. Can any comparative Austronesianists out there shed any light? CHINESE: Again, for the record, only negative evidence: no cognates in the Singaporean dialects of Mandarin, Hokkien, Cantonese and Teochew. Gwyn Williams Bangkok -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-573. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-574. Mon 26 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 68 Subject: 4.574 Last Posting: MIT Fundraising in Japan Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: 02 JUL 93 00:32:46 From: G00814@sinet.ad.jp Subject: Re: 4.511 Linguistics at MIT -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: 02 JUL 93 00:32:46 From: G00814@sinet.ad.jp Subject: Re: 4.511 Linguistics at MIT Let me make my final comment on the story of MIT fund-raising in Japan. If the nature of MIT fund-raising going on in Japan is as is described by Professors O'Neil, Pesetsky and Marantz in LINGUIST 4.511, then it is their fellow alumni in Japan who do not understand what they are doing. 1) When they collect money in gratitude to their Alma Mater, they should do so in their own name and not under the official auspice of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), a semi- governmental organization affiliated with the Ministry of Education. Note, in passing, that according to the prospectus sent to us, the money that will be collected at the JSPS is to be called "JSPS Fund for Linguistic Research at MIT." 2) They should not send unexpected bank transfer forms to individuals who are not MIT alumni nor have had any personal contacts with MIT in their life. They should also stop applying their "Help MIT to promote linguistics" rhetoric to non-alumni, and withdraw the "list of advisors and supporters" which they have widely distributed, because it includes some well-known Japanese linguists who are not MIT alumni. Such a list tends to obscure the nature of their present fund-raising. It is not my intention to do any harm to the reputation of MIT's linguistics department. On the contrary, I want to warn the MIT'ers that if their fellow alumni here continued their fund raising in the way they had started it, the fame of their prestigious department might be serously damaged. It is not that my fellow linguists and I are against MIT raising fund in Japan. It is their method that is not to our liking, and I hope the MIT'ers will understand it. Best wishes Kazuto MATSUMURA G00814@sinet.ad.jp --------------------------------------------------------- ILCAA, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies Nishigahara 4-51-21, Kita-ku, TOKYO 114 JAPAN tel: +81-3-3917-6111, ext. 488 fax: +81-3-3910-0613 --------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-574. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-575. Mon 26 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 381 Subject: 4.575 Conference: History of Language Sciences Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 21 Jul 1993 12:12:58 -0400 (EDT) From: MANGIAFM@guvax.acc.georgetown.edu Subject: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE HISTORY OF LANGUAGE SCIENCES AUG 9-14 -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 21 Jul 1993 12:12:58 -0400 (EDT) From: MANGIAFM@guvax.acc.georgetown.edu Subject: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE HISTORY OF LANGUAGE SCIENCES AUG 9-14 Dear Colleague, During the second week of August, linguists from around the globe will be arriving in Washington to participate in the SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE HISTORY OF LANGUAGE SCIENCES (ICHoLS VI). We, the local organizing committee, have gone to great lengths to assure that our counterparts from Eastern Europe and other regions of economic transition will be properly represented. We are of course equally dedicated to "getting the word out" to our stateside colleagues, not only those who are members of NAAHoLS, the sponsoring body, but equally to those in all areas of linguistics, history, philosophy, and beyond. While no one could mistake ICHoLS for the Olympic Games, the two are similar in their international approach, their frequency (every three years in the case of ICHoLS), and their variety of sites (ICHoLS 1990 was at Galway, Ireland, while the 1996 conference will most probably be at Oxford, England. Please find enclosed a copy of the (almost) final Program of ICHoLS VI as well as a listing of the speakers. I would be grateful if you could circulate this ICHoLS information among those in your own department, as well as others whom you think would be interested in attending. The registration fee for the entire Conference is $ 175. We have set up group rates for 5 or more participants from one institution, as well as special rates for part-time attendance (1, 2, 3, or 4 days). I hope that you will be able to participate in this international assembly and take advantage of its occurring before the start of the next academic year. In short, I look forward to seeing you at what promises to be a very interesting gathering! Please feel free to contact me for further details. Sincerely yours, Kurt R. Jankowsky ================================================== The following pages consist of a schedule and a list of speakers. These are in turn followed by instructions on how to receive a list of speakers and their topics via Internet. ================================================== SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE HISTORY OF LANGUAGE SCIENCES (ICHOLS VI) CONFERENCE PROGRAM ************************** ***Monday 9 August 1993*** ************************** 2:00 - 10:00 p.m. Registration 8:00 - 10:00 p.m. Informal Get-Together Wine and Cheese (Copley Lounge): **************************** ***Tuesday 10 August 1993*** **************************** 8:30 - 9:00 a.m. Formal Opening (ICC Auditorium) Welcoming Remarks: ROBERT LADO 9:00 - 10:00 Featured Speaker: ROBERT H. ROBINS 10:00 - 10:30 SUBBIONDO 10:30 - 11:00 AUROUX Chair: Jankowsky 11:00 - 11:30 Coffee Break >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>POSTER SESSIONS<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 11:30 - 12:15 BUGARSKI O'CONNELL ERMERS 12:15 - 1:00 BAIRATSCHNYI ALTMAN ARENS Chair: Kelly Chair: Cram Chair: Dinneen 1:00 - 2:00 p.m.Lunch Hour ARABIC PANEL: 2:00 - 2:45 RYDING ROMASCHKO BINOTTI 2:45 - 3:30 TAHA ARNOVICK ESPARZA 3:30 - 4:15 VERSTEEGH CROFT MACKERT Chair: Ryding Chair: Falk Chair: Tsiapera 4:15 - 4:45 Coffee Break ARABIC PANEL: 4:45 - 5:30 SARA LEOPOLD MCMAHON 5:30 - 6:15 TALMON NOWAK SHUKLA Chair: Ryding Chair: Sluiter Chair: Sunshine ****************************** ***Wednesday 11 August 1993*** ****************************** 8:30 - 9:30 a.m. Featured Speaker: FREDERICK J. NEWMEYER 9:30 - 10:00 CHRISTY 10:00 - 10:30 JOSEPH 10:30 - 11:00 WIGDORSKY Chair: White 11:00 - 11:30 Coffee Break 11:30 - 12:00 CRAM 12:00 - 12:30 p.m. NOORDEGRAAF 12:30 - 1:00 LUHTELA Chair: Koerner 1:00 - 2:00 Lunch Hour >>>>>>>>>>>>>>POSTER SESSIONS<<<<<<<<<<<< 2:00 - 2:45 DINNEEN SEKIRIN SLUITER 2:45 - 3:30 SHREVE PRIVATSKA BELYI 3:30 - 4:15 VONKBRUCHE SCHULZ KALTZ Chair: Mackert Chair: Leopold Chair: Schreyer 4:15 - 4:45 Coffee Break 4:45 - 5:30 HAUGER GREENBERG WASIK 5:30 - 6:15 DEL-VALLE KIM MAAT 6:15 - 7:00 WEDEL GANGOPADHYAY WIDELL Chair: Nerlich Chair: Binotti Chair: Shreve SIMULTANEOUS SESSIONS: 8:00 - 9:00 NYIKOS: INSTRUCTIVE ENTERTAINMENT 8:00 - 8:45 CHAMBERS: SEARCH FOR THE LOST AUTHOR ***************************** ***Thursday 12 August 1993*** ***************************** 8:30 - 9:30 a.m. Featured Speaker: E.F. KONRAD KOERNER 9:30 - 10:00 SARA 10:00 - 10:30 FALK 10:30 - 11:00 KRYK Chair: Kastowsky 11:00 - 11:30 Coffee Break 11:30 - 12:15 YARMOHAMMADI DOUKANARI SLAMA-CAZACU 12:15 - 1:00 GAMBARARA BARTSCHAT WILBUR Chair: Staczek Chair: Kaltz Chair: Noordegraaf 1:00 - 2:30 p.m. LUNCHEON Featured Speaker: KENNETH L. PIKE Afternoon off EXCURSION PROGRAM *************************** ***Friday 13 August 1993*** *************************** 8:30 - 9:30 a.m. Featured Speaker: EDGAR C. POLOME 9:30 - 10:00 GRUNTFEST 10:00 - 10:30 KIBBEE 10:30 - 11:00 KELLY Chair: Taylor 11:00 - 11:30 Coffee Break 11:30 - 12:00 SUNSHINE 12:00 - 12:30 WILLIAMS 12:30 - 1:00 p.m. VAN DER WAL Chair: Newmeyer 1:00 - 2:00 Lunch Hour 2:00 - 2:30 TSIAPERA 2:30 - 3:00 STACZEK 3:00 - 3:30 HOINKES 3:30 - 4:00 HOVDHAUGEN Chair: Auroux 4:00 - 4:30 Coffee Break 5:00 - 6:00 GENERAL MEETING 6:00 - 7:30 PRIX VOLNEY RECEPTION (ICC Faculty Lounge) 8:00 - 10:00 BANQUET Welcoming Remarks: MARIE HELENE GIBNEY, ASSOCIATE VICE PRESIDENT, GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY Featured Speaker: EUGENIO COSERIU ***************************** ***Saturday 14 August 1993*** ***************************** 8:30 - 9:00 a.m. HLLEN 9:00 - 9:30 DE CLERCQ 9:30 - 10:00 KASTOVSKY 10:00 - 10:3 NERLICH Chair: Kibbee 10:30 - 11:00 Coffee Break 11:00 - 11:30 SCHMITTER 11:30 - 12:00 DESMET 12:00 - 12:30 p.m. PERCIVAL 12:30 - 1:00 BREVA Chair: Subbiondo 1:00 - 2:00 Lunch Hour 2:00 - 2:30 SCHREYER 2:30 - 3:00 DE SOUZA FILHO 3:00 - 3:30 NEVIN 3:30 - 4:00 KIM Chair: Kryk 4:00 ADJOURNMENT (7-15-93) PAPER PRESENTERS AT ICHOLS VI WILL INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: Maria Cristina F.S. Altman, BRAZIL (S~o Paulo) Julie Tetel Andersen, USA (Durham, NC) Katherine Arens, USA (Austin, TX) Leslie K. Arnovick, CANADA (Vancouver) Sylvain Auroux, FRANCE (Paris) Iurij Bairatschnyi, RUSSIA (Moscow) Brigitte Bartschat, GERMANY (Leipzig) Vilen V. Belyi, UKRAINE (Vinnitsa) Lucia Binotti, USA (Chapel Hill, NC) Manuel Breva Claramonte, SPAIN (Bilbao) Gisela Bruche-Schulz, HONG KONG Ranko Bugarski, YUGOSLAVIA (Belgrade) Bettye Chambers, USA (Washington, DC) Craig Christy, USA (Florence, AL) Jan de Clercq, BELGIUM (Leuven) Eugenio Coseriu, GERMANY (T bingen) David F. Cram, ENGLAND (Oxford) William Croft, USA (Stanford, CA) Jose Del-Valle-Codesal, USA (Washington, DC) Piet Desmet, BELGIUM (Leuven) Danilo Marcondes de Souza Filho, BRAZIL (Rio de Janeiro) Mehdi Meshkotod Dini, IRAN (Mashad) Francis P. Dinneen, S.J., USA (Washington, DC) Elli Doukanari, USA (Washington, DC) Robert J.M.M. Ermers, HOLLAND (Nijmegen) Miguel Angel Esparza Torres, SPAIN (Madrid) Julia Falk, USA (East Lansing, MI) Daniele Gambarara, ITALY (Rende) Malaya Gangopadhyay, AUSTRALIA (Oakleigh) Klaus Gommlich, USA (Kent, OH) Robert D. Joseph Greenberg, USA (Washington, DC) Yaakov Gruntfest, ISRAEL (Haifa) Brigitte Hauger, USA (Washington, DC) Ulrich Hoinkes, GERMANY (M nster) Even Hovdhaugen, NORWAY (Blindern) Werner H llen, GERMANY (Essen) John Joseph, HONG KONG Barbara Kaltz, CANADA (Regina) Dieter Kastovsky, AUSTRIA (Vienna) Louis G. Kelly, CANADA (Ottawa) Douglas A. Kibbee, USA (Urbana) Sung-do Kim, KOREA (SEOUL) Konrad Koerner, CANADA (Ottawa) Barbara Kryk-Kastovsky, POLAND (Poznan) Joan Leopold, USA (Reseda, CA) Anneli Luhtala, FINLAND (Helsinki) Jaap Maat, HOLLAND (Amsterdam) Michael Mackert, USA (Tempe, AZ) William McMahon, USA (Akron, OH) Ahmed Moutaouuakil, MOROCCO (Rabat) Brigitte Nerlich, ENGLAND (Nottingham) Bruce Nevin, USA (Gloucester, MS) Frederick Newmeyer, USA (Seattle, WA) Jan Noordegraaf, HOLLAND (Amsterdam) Elke Nowak, GERMANY (Stuttgart) Julius Nyikos, USA (Washington, PA) Daniel C. O'Connell, S.J., USA (Washington, DC) W. Keith Percival, USA (Lawrence, KS) Kenneth L. Pike, USA (Arlington, TX) Edgar C. Polome, USA (Austin, TX) Jana Privatska, CZECH REPUBLIC (Prague) Robert H. Robins, ENGLAND (London) Sergey A. Romaschko, RUSSIA (Moscow) Karin Ryding, USA (Washington, DC) Solomon I. Sara, S.J., USA (Washington, DC) Ram"n Sarmiento Gonz lez, SPAIN (Madrid) Peter Schmitter, GERMANY (M nster) R diger Schreyer, GERMANY (Aachen) Peter Sekirin, UKRAINE (KIEV) Gregory M. Shreve, USA (Kent, OH) Shaligram Shukla, USA (Washington, DC) Tatiana Slama-Cazacu, ROMANIA (Bucharest) Ineke Sluiter, HOLLAND (Amsterdam) John Staczek, USA (Washington, DC) Joseph L. Subbiondo, USA (Stockton, CA) Andrew Sunshine, USA (New York, NY) Zeinab Ahmed Taha, EGYPT (Cairo) Rafael Talmon, ISRAEL (Haifa) Ran Tian, PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (Peijing) Maria Tsiapera, USA (Chapel Hill, NC) Kees Versteegh, HOLLAND (Nijmegen) Frank J.M. Vonk, HOLLAND (Utrecht) Marijke J. van der Wal, HOLLAND (Leiden) Thomas J. Walsh, USA (Washingron, DC) Zdzislaw Wasik, POLAND (Wroclaw) Alfred Wedel, USA (Newark) Jan-Eric Widell, SWEDEN (Uppsala) Leopoldo Wigdorsky, CHILE (Santiago) Terence Wilbur, USA (Los Angeles, CA) Joanna Radwanska Williams, USA (Stony Brook, NY) L. Yarmohammadi, IRAN (Shiraz) (7-15-93) ===================================================== HOW TO CONNECT TO GUVAX'S GOPHER To recieve a list of each speaker's topic via Internet, or to retreive information from this mailing at a later point, you can access Georgetown's Computer System (GUVAX) in the following manner: At your standard system prompt (for most VAX and Unix Systems), type: gopher guvax.acc.georgetown.edu 70 You will receive a menu similar to the following: Internet Gopher Information Client v1.1 Root gopher server: guvax.acc.georgetown.edu --> 1. About this Gopher Server, Last Modified: 21-Jun 22:23:34. 2. Academic Computer Center/ 3. (R) Georgetown File Archives/ 4. ACH/ALLC Joint International Conference '93 / 5. Catalog of Projects in Electronic Text (CPET)/ 6. Office of Student Programs/ 7. International Conference on the History of the Language Sciences/ 8. (E) Gopher Root - University of Minnesota/ 9. (E) Other Gopher and Information Servers/ 10. (E) The Chronicle of Higher Education/ 11. (E) The Internet Society's Gopher Server/ 12. (E) United Nations/ >From there, choose menu item #7 which is labeled: 7. International Conference on the History of the Language Sciences/ -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-575. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-576. Mon 26 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 67 Subject: 4.576 Computers and Humanities: Special Issue Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 15 Jul 93 14:36:32 +0200 From: veronis@grtc.cnrs-mrs.fr (jean Veronis) Subject: CHum special issue -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 15 Jul 93 14:36:32 +0200 From: veronis@grtc.cnrs-mrs.fr (jean Veronis) Subject: CHum special issue I would like to bring to your attention a recently published special issue of COMPUTERS AND THE HUMANITIES which is of particular interest to readers of this list. COMPUTERS AND THE HUMANITIES Volume 26 Nos. 5-6 December 1992 COMMON METHODOLOGIES IN HUMANITIES COMPUTING AND COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS Guest editors: Nancy Ide and Donald Walker CONTENTS: NANCY IDE and DONALD WALKER / Introduction: Common Methodologies in Humanities Computing and Computational Linguistics DOUGLAS BIBER / The Multi-Dimensional Approach to Linguistic Analyses of Genre Variation: An Overview of Methodology and Findings HARALD BAAYEN / Statistical Models for Word Frequency Distributions: A Linguistic Evaluation ADAM KILGARRIFF / Dictionary Word Sense Distinctions : An Enquiry into Their Nature EVAN L. ANTWORTH / Glossing Text with the PC-KIMMO Morphological Parser FRANK SMADJA / XTRACT: An Overview WILLIAM A. GALE, KENNETH W. CHURCH, and DAVID YAROWSKY / A Method for Disambiguating Word Senses in a Large Corpus SAM COATES-STEPHENS / The Analysis and Acquisition of Proper Names for the Understanding of Free Text For information about COMPUTERS AND THE HUMANITIES, contact Kluwer Academic Publishers, Group P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands, or at P.O. Box 358, Accord Station, Hingham, Massachusetts 02018-0358 USA. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-576. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-577. Mon 26 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 61 Subject: 4.577 Linguistic Inquiry: Table of Contents, Fall 1993 Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 18 Jun 93 14:24:50 EDT From: "Michael A. Darden" Subject: LINGUISTIC INQUIRY: Table of Contents, Fall 1993 -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 18 Jun 93 14:24:50 EDT From: "Michael A. Darden" Subject: LINGUISTIC INQUIRY: Table of Contents, Fall 1993 LINGUISTIC INQUIRY Samuel Jay Keyser, Editor--Published By THE MIT PRESS Volume 24, Number 4--Forthcoming Fall 1993 J. Bowers The Syntax of Predication T. Reinhart, E. Reuland Reflexivity P. Bloom Grammatical Continuity in Language Development: The Case of Subjectless Sentences P. Postal Parasitic Gaps and the Across-the-Board Phenomenon L. Progovac Long-Distance Reflexives: Movement-to-Infl versus Relativized SUBJECT N. Corver A Note on Subcomparatives D. Hirst Detaching Intonational Phrases from Syntactic Structure B. Kang _Unhappier_ Is Really a "Bracketing Paradox" E. Ritter Where's Gender? ****************************************************************************** ISSN 0024-3892 Current issues are $26. Published quarterly, annual subscription rates are $50 for individuals, $100 for institutions, $32 for students and retired persons. For ordering information, contact the MIT PRESS JOURNALS circulation department, (617) 253-2889 (phone), (617) 258-6779 (fax), or journals-orders@mit.edu. MIT Press online catalogs are available by telneting techinfo.mit.edu under "Around MIT . . ."; or via Gopher. ________________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-577. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-578. Mon 26 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 387 Subject: 4.578 Language and Gender Syllabi Project: Announcement Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 18 Jul 93 23:50:35 EDT From: Elizabeth V Hume Subject: Language and Gender Syllabi Project: Announcement -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 18 Jul 93 23:50:35 EDT From: Elizabeth V Hume Subject: Language and Gender Syllabi Project: Announcement LANGUAGE AND GENDER SYLLABI COLLECTION The Committee on the Status of Women in Linguistics (COSWL) is pleased to announce the publication of a collection of language and gender syllabi, edited by Elizabeth Hume (Dept. of Linguistics, Ohio State Univ) and Bonnie McElhinny (Dept. of Linguistics, Stanford Univ.) The collection includes 26 syllabi for courses on language and gender taught in an array of departments (linguistics, anthropology, folklore, English, education, French, German). Special features of the collection include: *syllabi for undergraduate and graduate courses *ideas for paper topics *examples of exam questions *instructions for fieldwork exercises in gathering/analyzing gender differences in language use *bibliographies of work on language and gender *comments from instructors about particularly successful techniques for teaching implemented in the course Contributors include: Niko BESNIER (Anthro, Yale), Janet BING (English, Old Dominion Univ), Sue BLACKWELL (Cultural Studies, Univ. of Birmingham, UK), Rebecca BURNS HOFFMAN (English), Penny ECKERT (Institute for Research on Learning), Suzanne FLEISCHMAN (French, Berkeley), Alice FREED (Linguistics, Montclair State College), Rebecca FREEMAN (School of Education, Univ. of Pennsylvania), Barbara FOX (Linguistics, Univ. of Colorado), Shirley HEATH (English/Linguistics, Stanford), Elizabeth HUME (Linguistics, Ohio State Univ.), Mary Jane HURST (English, Texas Tech), Deborah KAPCHAN (Folklore Institute, Indiana Univ-Bloomington), Mimi KLAIMAN (Linguistics, Univ. of Indiana), Kerstin LANGE (Anthro, Binghamton Univ), Sally MCCONNELL-GINET (Linguistics/Women's Studies, Cornell Univ.), Bonnie MCELHINNY (Linguistics, Stanford), Rae MOSES, Mary PARLEE (Hunter College), Craige ROBERTS (Linguistics, Ohio State Univ.), Bambi SCHIEFFELIN (Anthro, NYU), Ron SOUTHERLAND (Linguistics, Univ. of Calgary), Deborah TANNEN (Linguistics, Georgetown Univ.), Lenora TIMM (Linguistics, Univ. of CA--Davis), Ruth WODAK (Univ. of Vienna), Ana Celia ZENTELLA (Linguistics, Hunter College). The syllabi are available in the archives of LINGUIST and through anonymous ftp from the linguistics archive housed at the University of Michigan fileserver Instructions on how to get the syllabi from either of these two sources are appended below. Hard-copy versions can be purchased by a sending a check for $20.00 (includes postage and handling; DC residents add 6% sales tax) made out to the Linguistic Society of America, to: COSWL Language and Gender Syllabus Project Linguistic Society of America 1325 18th Street, NW Suite 211 Washington DC 20036 ********************************************************* HOW TO GET THE SYLLABI BY MAIL FROM THE LINGUIST LISTSERV: ********************************************************* The syllabi mentioned in this message are available on the LINGUIST Listserv in seven files: LG-GEN-0 SYL Syllabi: Language & Gdr, Intro LG-GEN-1 SYL Syllabi: Language & Gdr, Part 1 LG-GEN-2 SYL Syllabi: Language & Gdr, Part 2 LG-GEN-3 SYL Syllabi: Language & Gdr, Part 3 LG-GEN-4 SYL Syllabi: Language & Gdr, Part 4 LG-GEN-5 SYL Syllabi: Language & Gdr, Part 5 LG-GEN-6 SYL Syllabi: Language & Gdr, Part 6 To get one of these files, send a message to: listserv@tamvm1.tamu.edu (if you are on the Internet) OR listserv@tamvm1 (if you are on the Bitnet) The message should consist of the single line: get linguist For example, to get Part 4 of the syllabi, send the message: GET LG-GEN-4 SYL LINGUIST CAUTION: SOME OF THESE FILES ARE VERY LARGE. Make sure that your mailer can handle them.] ********************************************************************** HOW TO GET THE SYLLABI BY FTP FROM THE MICHIGAN LINGUISTICS FILESERVER ********************************************************************** The syllabi are available in the directory: linguistics/handouts/syllabi on: linguistics.archive.umich.edu: They are available in seven files, the listing of which is as follows: L-G.Syllabi.0 to L-G.Syllabi.6 7/11/93 ASCII # 001 - 007 Collection of syllabi of courses in Language and Gender collected from linguists all over the world by the LS&A's Committee on the Status of Women in Linguistics (COSWL). Version 1, solicited late 1992. In six files, L-G.Syllabi.1 to L-G.Syllabi.6, with index and front material in L-G.Syllabi.0: File# File Name Words Lines Bytes ----- ------------- ------ ------ ------- 001 L-G.Syllabi.0 499 110 3,549 002 L-G.Syllabi.1 17,139 2,979 119,492 003 L-G.Syllabi.2 12,085 1,882 82,395 004 L-G.Syllabi.3 9,793 1,770 67,447 005 L-G.Syllabi.4 12,712 2,058 88,739 006 L-G.Syllabi.5 3,651 ,684 25,249 007 L-G.Syllabi.6 19,908 3,247 147,734 ------------- ------ ------ ------- -Total- 75,787 12,730 534,605 ________________________________________________________________________ How to get stuff from the Linguistics Archive via Anonymous FTP --- * --- First, make your computer is on the Internet. Even if you don't think it is, it's worthwhile to check with your local system gurus. You might be surprised at what they've been doing since the last time you heard about it. More and more BITnet sites are getting connected to the Internet, but many times not all their clients hear about it, and blithely go on using BITnet mail without knowing they have an Internet mail address. So *do* check it out if you're not completely certain. Second, you will not be using mail of any sort to get files from the Archive. You will be using FTP. This is an acronym standing both for a particular [F]ile [T]ransfer [P]rotocol that is used on the Internet, *and* for any program that can be invoked to transfer files using that protocol. You don't have to worry about the protocol, but you *do* have to worry about the program. Most Internet-connected computers have a program called "ftp" available, and the commands for it are fairly standard. However, not all such programs behave the same, since they can run on many different operating systems and have to follow the rules they lay down for such things as naming files, maximum file size, etc. While you're checking with your system gurus, get hold of a recent copy of their documentation for *their* version of ftp, and read it carefully, noting such things as limitations, known bugs, and variations from the Internet standard. So you'll have to make sure you know how to invoke ftp on your system be aware of how much file space you have available; some files on the Archives are *big*; half a megabyte for one file is not uncommon, and several megabytes is not unknown. And ftp doesn't check to see whether you have the room; it just stops after your disk allocation is exceeded, whether it's done or not. Third, if you've gotten this far, here's how you get to the Archives: ftp linguistics.archive.umich.edu When you're prompted for a login, use the name 'anonymous' (without the quotes, of course). You'll be asked for a password; use your e-mail address - actually, anything will work, but this is the polite convention. Then - if there aren't too many 'anonymous'es logged on already - you'll be connected to the 'root' directory. The Linguistics Archive is one of many at the University of Michigan; there are also gigantic collections of public-domain software and shareware for many computers, notably Macintosh and DOS, available for anonymous FTP. You can use the 'cd' command to move to the appropriate directory. This will usually be 'linguistics', thus: cd linguistics At any point, you can use the 'ls' ([L]i[S]t files) command to see the file directory. The form 'ls -ls' is recommended; this allows you to see also how big each file is, which can be crucial to know. To see what directory you're in, the command is 'pwd' ([P]rint [W]orking [D]irectory). These are Unix commands, but they're standard for FTP. The UM Archives are housed on a Unix machine, though that doesn't really matter for most things. However, one thing *is* important to know: Unix is CaSe-SeNsItIvE. This means that CAPITAL LETTERS must be typed as CAPITAL LETTERS, and lowercase as lowercase. If you get an error message that indicates FTP can't find the file you're looking for, be sure to check that you typed all the appropriate capitalization in the command. And attempting to use FTP with your caps lock on is a very frustrating experience. So, you're now in the linguistics directory. Do 'ls -ls' and 'pwd' commands to show you. Most of what's there is subdirectories. Here's a diagram of the linguistics directory and its current subdirectory structure: (root directory, where you enter) / | (cd linguistics) linguistics | +-----+--------+---------+--+--+----+------------+ | | | | | | | | lexica handouts uploads | papers software | | | | | | +------+----+------+ | | +---+---+ | | | | | | | | | | | syllabi exams misc problems | available dos mac unix | | fonts linguist.list | | +---+---+ +--------+---+----+--------+ | | | | | | | dos mac next volume.1 volume.2 volume.3 volume.4 There are 7 subdirectories under linguistics, of which 5 have their own subdirectories. You can get to any of them via the 'cd' command. For instance, if you wanted to get the COSWL Language and Gender syllabus collection in /linguistics/handouts/syllabi, the 3 commands to get there, starting from root at login, are: cd linguistics cd handouts cd syllabi Once you're in the appropriate directory, and have seen the file you want to get (say, ), the FTP command to transfer it to your computer is: get ...and that's all. There is much more to FTP than this, but this *is* all you really need to know to use it. With one exception -- to terminate the session and close the connection, the command is: quit Anything you can get from the Archives via anonymous FTP has been put there by intention, and you are officially permitted to download it. However, this does not necessarily mean you may do anything you like with it; many things are copyrighted, and may forbid things like making commercial use of them. Consult the relevant files. If you have any other questions about FTP, or about any particular error message or problem you're encountering, remember, your first and most reliable line of defense is your *local* system admistration. If you have questions about the Linguistics Archive particularly, send them to: linguistics-archivists@umich.edu Enjoy. -John Lawler jlawler@umich.edu Linguistics Archivist Program in Linguistics University of Michigan ________________________________________________________________________ A sample FTP session from an internet-connected machine. Commands typed by user are in {Curly Brackets} Comments are in [Square Brackets] {ftp linguistics.archive.umich.edu} [Initial command on home system] um.cc.umich.edu FTP client (Version of Nov 16/92 09:10:53) 220 apollo21.aal.itd.umich.edu FTP server (Domain/OS sr10.3 30-Aug-91) ready. Name (141.211.160.33:GB4N): {anonymous} [log in for anonymous FTP] 331 Guest login ok, send E-mail address as password. Password:{jlawler@umich.edu} [This is *my* mail address; you use yours] 230 Guest login OK. ftp> {pwd} [Where am I?] 257 "//apollo21/afs/umich.edu/group/itd/archive" is current directory. [This is as high as you can get; ignore the rest] ftp> {ls -ls} [What's here?] 200 PORT command successful. [...Ignore this] 150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for /bin/ls (0 bytes). ... [Some irrelevant stuff omitted] [| "d" here means it's a directory, not a file V ] -rw-r--r-- 1469 00doYOUhaveAFS [If you do, get and read this] -rw-rw-rw- 3927 00readme.txt [General instructions] drwxrwxrwx 2048 amiga [Amiga Archive] drwxr-xr-x 4096 apollo [Apollo Archive] drwxrwxrwx 2048 apple2 [Apple II Archive] drwxrwxr-x 4096 atari [Atari Archive] ... drwxrwxrwx 2048 economics [Economics Archive] ... drwxrwxrwx 2048 linguistics [Linguistics Archive] drwxrwxr-x 2048 mac [Macintosh Archive] ... drwxr-xr-x 4096 msdos [MS-DOS Archive] drwxrwxrwx 2048 physics [Physics Archive] drwxrwxrwx 2048 tesol [TESOL Archive] ... [ ^^^^ File size in bytes, ignore for directories] 226 Transfer complete. 1665 bytes received in 11.825 seconds (0.137 Kbytes/sec) ftp> {cd linguistics} [Go to linguistics directory 250 CWD command successful. tp> {pwd} [Where am I?] 257 "//apollo21/afs/umich.edu/group/itd/archive/linguistics" is current directory. ftp> {ls -ls} 200 PORT command successful. 150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for /bin/ls (0 bytes). total 133 [...Ignore this] -rw-rw-r-- 661 Oct 5 1991 00index.ling [Out of date] -rw-rw-r-- 1890 Oct 13 1991 00readme.txt [Out of date] -rw-rw-r-- 101842 May 9 18:03 LSA.email.list [note capitals!] -rw-r--r-- 16041 Jan 31 23:10 LSA.style.sheet [note capitals!] drwxrwxr-x 2048 Jan 28 1992 fonts drwxrwxr-x 2048 Jan 31 1992 handouts drwxrwxr-x 2048 Jun 2 17:12 lexica drwxrwxr-x 2048 Jun 30 07:28 linguist.list drwxr-xr-x 2048 Jul 9 21:26 papers drwxrwxr-x 2048 Jan 28 1992 software drwxrwxr-x 2048 Jul 9 21:23 uploads [ ^^^^^^^^^^^^ Creation date for file or directory] 226 Transfer complete. 700 bytes received in 4.244 seconds (0.161 Kbytes/sec) ftp> {cd handouts} 250 CWD command successful. ftp> {pwd} 257 "//apollo21/afs/umich.edu/group/itd/archive/linguistics/handouts" is current directory. ftp> {ls -ls} 200 PORT command successful. 150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for /bin/ls (0 bytes). total 8 drwxrwxr-x 2048 Oct 5 1991 exams drwxrwxr-x 2048 Oct 5 1991 misc drwxrwxr-x 2048 Oct 5 1991 problems drwxrwxr-x 2048 Jul 11 12:09 syllabi 226 Transfer complete. 245 bytes received in 1.275 seconds (0.187 Kbytes/sec) ftp> {cd syllabi} 250 CWD command successful. ftp> {pwd} 257 "//apollo21/afs/umich.edu/group/itd/archive/linguistics/handouts/syllabi" is current directory. ftp> {ls -ls} 200 PORT command successful. 150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for /bin/ls (0 bytes). total 527 -rw-r--r-- 1047 Jul 11 12:10 00index.syllabi -rw-r--r-- 3549 Jul 11 11:56 L-G.Syllabi.0 -rw-r--r-- 119492 Jul 11 11:56 L-G.Syllabi.1 -rw-r--r-- 82395 Jul 11 11:37 L-G.Syllabi.2 -rw-r--r-- 67447 Jul 11 11:38 L-G.Syllabi.3 -rw-r--r-- 88739 Jul 11 11:39 L-G.Syllabi.4 -rw-r--r-- 25249 Jul 11 11:40 L-G.Syllabi.5 -rw-r--r-- 147734 Jul 11 11:47 L-G.Syllabi.6 226 Transfer complete. 541 bytes received in 2.924 seconds (0.18 Kbytes/sec) ftp> {get l-g.syllabi.0} [This file's short, let's see it] 200 PORT command successful. 550 l-g.syllabi.0: No such file or directory. [Whoops! CaseSensitive!] ftp> {get L-G.Syllabi.0 syllabi} [Check the spelling; right] 200 PORT command successful. 150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for L-G.Syllabi.0 (3549 bytes). 226 Transfer complete. 3659 bytes received in 0.653 seconds (5.472 Kbytes/sec) [Rather slow] ftp> {quit} 221 Have A Nice Day. [Thanks.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-578. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-579. Wed 28 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 142 Subject: 4.579 Qs: Warlpiri, English 3sg -th, Saami, Pro Expletives Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 26 Jul 93 04:28:14 EDT From: acw@bronze.lcs.mit.edu (Allan C. Wechsler) Subject: References on Warlpiri phonology 2) Date: Mon, 26 Jul 93 04:38:19 EDT From: acw@bronze.lcs.mit.edu (Allan C. Wechsler) Subject: English 3sg -th vs. -s 3) Date: Mon, 26 Jul 93 13:48 BST From: Richard Ogden Subject: Saami 4) Date: Mon, 26 Jul 93 18:03:30 BST From: Spencer A J Subject: Small pro expletives in English -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 26 Jul 93 04:28:14 EDT From: acw@bronze.lcs.mit.edu (Allan C. Wechsler) Subject: References on Warlpiri phonology I have written a paper on Warlpiri phonology, and I want to make sure I have considered current work. The paper is called "An autosegmental account of Warlpiri 'rd'". The only relevant references I have are: Hale, K. L. [1973] Person marking in Walbiri Hale, K. L. [1983] Warlpiri primer (unpublished) Laughren, M. [1984] Warlpiri "baby talk" Nash, D. G. [1980] Topics in Warlpiri grammar -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 26 Jul 93 04:38:19 EDT From: acw@bronze.lcs.mit.edu (Allan C. Wechsler) Subject: English 3sg -th vs. -s Person-marking on the English verb has undergone a couple of major changes in the "Modern" era. One is the leveling of 2sg/familiar under 2pl/formal. Another is the loss of 3sg -th, which was replaced with -s. Does anyone know the whole story of the latter change? When -th was productive, did it coexist with -s, and if so, what determined which ending was used? If -th and -s did not coexist, what was the source of -s? -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Mon, 26 Jul 93 13:48 BST From: Richard Ogden Subject: Saami Can anyone give me some references (if they even exist) for phonetic desriptions of Saami (Koutokeino or similar dialect) please? They could be in English, German, Swedish, Norwegian or Finnish; Russian is beyond me. Thanks Richard Ogden rao1@vaxb.york.ac.uk -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Mon, 26 Jul 93 18:03:30 BST From: Spencer A J Subject: Small pro expletives in English My colleague, Martin Atkinson, has pointed out to me that the subject position indicated by ___ in (1) appears to be a case of an expletive small pro. (1) As ____ has been pointed out, English lacks null subjects. [Interestingly, L2 learners of English often insert 'it' in the place of the gap.] Is this the canonical analysis within (some variety of) GB? Cursory examination suggests that the construction is not permitted with other types of clause, and only seems possible in As-clauses with passive or raising predicates, and extraposition of infinitivals from raising and tough predicates (depending presumably on semantics; cf (5), (6)): (2) As ____ seems obvious nowadays, ... (3) As ____ is clear from the raw data, ... (4) As ____ is likely to be obvious from the raw data, ... (5) As ____ is easy to see from the data, ... (6) *As ____ would be difficult to prove from these data, ... Extraposition of finite clauses seems to be excluded: (7) *As ___ seems that everyone now agrees, ... (8) *As ___ is clear that everyone now agrees, ... (9) *As ___ has been pointed out, that (it) is the case, ... Are these data really representative? If so, what governs this patterning? Andrew Spencer Department of Language and Linguistics University of Essex Colchester CO4 3SQ U.K. spena@essex.ac.uk -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-579. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-580. Wed 28 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 119 Subject: 4.580 Gender Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 26 Jul 1993 10:26:27 -0500 (EST) From: 00hfstahlke@leo.bsuvc.bsu.edu Subject: Re: 4.562 Sum: Gender Markedness 2) Date: Tue, 27 Jul 1993 23:14:45 -0500 (EDT) From: heap@epas.utoronto.ca (David Heap) Subject: Re: 4.573 Epic'they' -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 26 Jul 1993 10:26:27 -0500 (EST) From: 00hfstahlke@leo.bsuvc.bsu.edu Subject: Re: 4.562 Sum: Gender Markedness >1) >Date: Fri, 16 Jul 93 23:24:57 -0300 >From: mccleary@fox.cce.usp.br (Leland Mccleary) >Subject: Gender Markedness > >On 16 Jul 93 I posted the following query: > >> >But I wonder if we haven't been going about this whole >business of de-biasing gender in the language all wrong. > >Instead of changing all the derivative words, wouldn't it be >more efficient, in this case, to establish a single new marked >form for the male gender -- something like "xoman/xomen", >"yoman/yomen" or "zoman/zomen" -- and leave the unmarked "man" >and all of its compounds to stand exclusively for both sexes. > >Any comments? Having been out of the office during most of last week, I am coming late to this discussion. Some time back I posted a query to alt.usage.english about an experience I observed my seventeen-year-old daughter in. I'll try to reformulate it here. It got no response from the newsgroup. I was attending a women's soccer tournament that Rachel was playing in. I don't know how soccer populations are elsewhere, but in Indiana, girls who play soccer also tend to come from homes where they will have been exposed to discussion of gender sensitivity. In a soccer game, the usual protocol when a player observes a teammate handling the ball and being attacked from the rear by an opposing player is for the observing player to yell "Man on!" The young women at this tournament used this protocol regularly, and I didn't hear any alternative forms. I suspect that given the speed of a soccer match they didn't have time to worry about the gender issue. My question is whether there is some other form that might be used in this context or whether this is in fact so specialized a context that "Man on!" is simply not going to change. If the latter is the case, are there then contexts in which other considerations might outweigh gender sensitivity? Herb Stahlke ============================================================================ Herbert F. W. Stahlke (317) 285-1843 Associate Director (317) 285-1797 (fax) University Computing Services 00hfstahlke@virgo.bsuvc.bsu.edu Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306 00hfstahlke@bsuvax1.bitnet -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 27 Jul 1993 23:14:45 -0500 (EDT) From: heap@epas.utoronto.ca (David Heap) Subject: Re: 4.573 Epic'they' I wholeheartedly agree with the general thrust of George Aaron Broadwell's comment on 'they' as a nonsexist alternative to 'he' which is less clumsy than 's/he', less shocking/bewildering than 'hann' and its neologistic or calquing equivalents, and also GOOD COLLOQUIAL ENGLISH. Indeed, I remember using sentences like "if anyone comes by, tell them I'll be back soon" long before I was aware of sexism-in-language issues. While prescriptivist may frown, it is a very useful alternative when one wants to be genuinely unspecified as to gender. Regarding George's 2 caveats: > yes, someone sensible has suggested this in print: Ruth King's _Talkng Gender: a Guide to Nonsexist Communication_ (Copp Clark 1993), [and likely among many others as well]. This book is also a handy reference work on many aspects of these issues, in English and French. > confusion with the plural really isn't a problem, and neither are odd-sounding examples like ?An assistant professor should prepare themselves... What is wrong with 'An assistant professor should prepare themself...' ? I am SURE I say things like this quite naturally, and while it may shock now, I am willing to bet it will become common in writing eventually as well. Compare the formerly plural 'you' which has adapted just fine to its singular/plural status (cf. yourself/yourselves). Analogy lives! Regarding a recent, related posting: 'shaman' does not need a nonsexist alternative (any more than 'mandate' or 'history' do) since it does not contain the morpheme {man}. I am not certain of its etymology (my OED offers Russian, Georgian adn Tungusian) but English it ain't. See King (1991) for more discussion of this false 'man' issue. David Heap University of Toronto heap@epas.utoronto.ca -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-580. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-581. Wed 28 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 54 Subject: 4.581 Revue Linguistique de Vincennes: Table of Contents Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck [Please note that LINGUIST publishes the tables of contents of journals only. Our resources do not, unfortunately, allow us to post the tables of contents of either working papers or books.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 26 Jul 93 16:30:03 EDT From: "Christiane Fellbaum" Subject: Revue Linguistique de Vincennes, Vol. 22 -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 26 Jul 93 16:30:03 EDT From: "Christiane Fellbaum" Subject: Revue Linguistique de Vincennes, Vol. 22 Revue Linguistique de Vincennes Vol. 22 Contents: R. Coppieters: La theorie conceptuelle de l'individu et son role dans l'analyse semantique P. Hirschbuehler, M. Labelle Le statut de ``(ne) pas'' en francais contemporain J.Koster Langage et epistemologie S.-Y. Kuroda Syntaxe du causatif japonais et l'organisation des trois composantes syntaxiques N. Ruwet Les verbes dits psychologiques: trois theories et quelques questions PLUS: Abstracts of the articles in English Remarques et repliques Articles hors theme Rubrique patalinguistique This issue can be ordered from Christiane Fellbaum Cognitive Science Laboratory Princeton University 221 Nassau Street Princeton, NJ 08542 fellbaum@clarity.princeton.edu Include a check made out to Christiane Fellbaum for US $14. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-581. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-582. Wed 28 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 104 Subject: 4.582 Qs: Arabic, Features, Informal conversation, Name Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 26 Jul 93 10:49:32 PDT From: marks@neuro.usc.edu (Mark Seidenberg) Subject: Arabic on-line dictionary? 2) Date: Tue, 27 Jul 93 16:02:57 CET From: Stefan Geissler Subject: Features 3) Date: 27 Jul 1993 14:46:37 -0400 (EDT) From: Betty Brown Subject: References 4) Date: Tue, 27 Jul 1993 15:25:45 -0500 (EST) From: PICARD@Vax2.Concordia.CA Subject: Origin of AJERSCH -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 26 Jul 93 10:49:32 PDT From: marks@neuro.usc.edu (Mark Seidenberg) Subject: Arabic on-line dictionary? Does anyone know how I can obtain an on-line (i.e., machine readable) dictionary of Arabic? Thanks. Mark Seidenberg marks@neuro.usc.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 27 Jul 93 16:02:57 CET From: Stefan Geissler Subject: Features Hi collegues, this is a request especially for germanic linguists. It has been noted quite often that the old feature-classification [+/-N, +/-V] is of use in German. In particular, [+N]-categories cannot govern the accusative case and [+V]-categories seem to govern to their left whereas [-V]- categories govern their complements to the right. That is, verbs and adjectives seek their complements on the left whereas prepositions and nouns seek their complements on the right. Now I wonder whether this distinction is really viable, i.e. is their any other generalization holding for German which relies on the [+/-V]-classification? Replies should directly be sent to my account. Thanks in advance. Stefan Geissler P.S.: I will supply a short summary to the net in case I receive any valuable hints. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: 27 Jul 1993 14:46:37 -0400 (EDT) From: Betty Brown Subject: References I need bibliographical references for studies - from 1984 on - of the different types of phenomena (outside of grammar and lexicon) that occur in informal coversation, like: discourse markers; tags; back channels; hesitations; exclamations/expletives; proverbs/sayings; ritualized formulas, and of their integration into grammar. Please help. Send replies to LINMATHI@ubvms.bitnet -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Tue, 27 Jul 1993 15:25:45 -0500 (EST) From: PICARD@Vax2.Concordia.CA Subject: Origin of AJERSCH I'm looking for the origin of the family name AJERSCH. The people I know who bear this name are Polish but the name looks Germanic to me.If you have any information on this, please send it to PICARD@VAX2.CONCORDIA.CA -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-582. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-583. Wed 28 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 68 Subject: 4.583 FYI: Windows: Special Characters, Cree font Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 14 Jul 1993 18:53:02 -0400 (EDT) From: Paul T Kershaw Subject: FYI: Special characters 2) Date: Thu, 22 Jul 1993 22:28:04 -0400 (EDT) From: Paul T Kershaw Subject: Cree font -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 14 Jul 1993 18:53:02 -0400 (EDT) From: Paul T Kershaw Subject: FYI: Special characters For those of you with Windows who would like to be able to use the diacriticked vowels, I pass along this tidbit from the 8/93 WindowsUser (p. 165): Inside Control Panel's International settings option, select English (International) as the language and US (International) as the keyboard layout. These settings affect the ' " ` ~ ^ keys such that they don't appear until after you press another key. If you type a vowel (or, in the case of ~, an a, o, or n), a diacritic appears over the vowel ('=acute, `=grave, "=umlaut, etc.). IF you type anything else, the standard character. Two further notes: c-cedilla may be gotten via '+c, and pressing the space bar forces the apostrophe, etc., to appear, but does NOT create a blank space after it. (I may the last on the block to find all of this out, but in case I'm not, here it is.) -- Paul Kershaw, Michigan State University, Kershawp@Student.MSU.Edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 22 Jul 1993 22:28:04 -0400 (EDT) From: Paul T Kershaw Subject: Cree font I have developed for my own use using Fontographer 3.5 (Windows) a font for the Cree orthography, which I am willing to distribute gratis to anyone who's interested. Unfortunately, I don't have convenient access to FTP, and so any distribution is limited to Snail Mail. Also, I can't vouch for similitude between my keyboard map and any standard that might exist. The font is available either as a Windows TrueType font or as a Fontographer .FOG file, the latter of which would simplify alterations for Fontographer users. Specify which type of file you want (or both), and send a SASE (Self-Addressed Stamped Envelope, for those with acro(nymo)phobia) and either size and density formatted floppy to: Paul Kershaw 300 E. Main #109 Lansing, MI 48933 USA (I will be out of town the first two weeks of August, so there might be some delay during that period.) -- Paul Kershaw, KershawP@Student.MSU.Edu, Michigan State University -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-583. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-584. Wed 28 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 205 Subject: 4.584 Just for fun: Research, Yiddish Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 15 Jul 1993 11:22:02 -0700 (PDT) From: AHARRIS - Alan Harris Subject: FOR YOUR FUNNY BONE 2) Date: Thu, 15 Jul 1993 16:12:02 EDT From: vago@qcvaxa.acc.qc.edu Subject: RE: 4.558 Just for Fun: Ferenghi, Hungarian Subject: Re: 4.558 Just for Fun: Ferenghi, Hungarian 3) Date: Fri, 16 Jul 1993 17:59:04 EDT From: "Ellen F. Prince" 4) Date: Mon, 19 Jul 93 17:53 PDT From: benji wald Subject: Re: 4.558 Just for Fun: Ferenghi, Hungarian -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 15 Jul 1993 11:22:02 -0700 (PDT) From: AHARRIS - Alan Harris Subject: FOR YOUR FUNNY BONE ===================================================== TEXT OR AMENDED TEXT FOLLOWS: ===================================================== FOR YOUR FUNNY BONE (JO LISKA SENT THIS ALONG TO ME, ACH) =================================================================== GLOSSARY FOR RESEARCH PAPERS: Strictly Speaking THEY WRITE THEY MEAN It has long been known that... I haven't bothered to look up the original reference ...of great theoretical and practical ...interesting to me importance While it has not been possible to The experiments didn't work provide definite answers to these out, but I figured I could at questions. least get a publication out of it. The W-Pb system was chosen as The fellow in the next lab had especially suitable to show the some already made up predicted behavior... High purity... Composition unknown except Very high purity... for the exaggerated claims of Extremely high purity... the supplier Super-purity... Spectroscopically pure... A fiducial reference line... A scratch Three of the samples were The results of the others chosen for detailed study... didn't make sense and were ignored.. ...handled with extreme care during ...not dropped on the floor the experiments Typical results are shown... The best results are shown... Although some detail has been lost It is impossible to tell from in reproduction, it is clear from the the micrograph original micrograph that... Presumably at longer times... I didn't take the time to find out The agreement with the predicted fair curve is excellent good poor satisfactory doubtful fair imaginary ...as good as could be expected non-existent These results will be reported at I might get around to this a later date sometime The most reliable values are those He was a student of mine of Jones It is suggested that... It is believed that... I think... It may be that... It is generally believed that.... I have such a good objection to this answer that I shall now raise it. It is clear that much additional I don't understand it work will be required before a complete understanding... Unfortunately, a quantitative theory Neither does anybody else to account for these effects has not been formulated Correct within an order of magnitude Wrong It is to be hoped that this work This paper isn't very good but will stimulate further work in the field neither are any of the others on this miserable subject Thanks are due to Joe Glotz for Glotz did the work and Doe assistance with the experiments and explained what it meant. to John Doe for valuable discussions. ====================================================================== Alan C. Harris, Ph. D. telno: off: Professor, Communication/Linguistics 818-885-2853/2874 Speech Communication Department hm: California State University, Northridge 818-780-8872 SPCH CSUN fax: 818-885-2663 Northridge, CA 91330 Internet: AHARRIS@VAX.CSUN.EDU ====================================================================== -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 15 Jul 1993 16:12:02 EDT From: vago@qcvaxa.acc.qc.edu Subject: RE: 4.558 Just for Fun: Ferenghi, Hungarian If you are looking for a Hungarian phrase whose phonology comes close to Sp. "una mesa est aqui," I've got one for you: "unom ezt aki..." /unom est @ki/, meaning 'I am tired/bored of this (one) who..." You take it from here... Robert Vago Dep't of Linguistics Queens College/CUNY -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subject: Re: 4.558 Just for Fun: Ferenghi, Hungarian 3) Date: Fri, 16 Jul 1993 17:59:04 EDT From: "Ellen F. Prince" >From: karni@houdini.eece.unm.edu (Shlomo Karni) >Subject: Hungarian ? >I suppose most everyone can parse "una mesa est' aqui/" but for >German speakers with little experience reading Yiddish I'll render >into German: "Ohn' 'n Messer isst 'ne Kuh", which lacks the right >phonology. /u na me sa e sta: ki/ > /u:n a me s@ ist a ki/ don't know about israeli children and hungarian, but over 40 years ago my father told me how to 'speak spanish': /akiestunamesa/--here is a table (spanish), a cow eats without a knife (yiddish, central yiddish regional variants of vowels and postvocalic r). it was a joke, of course. btw, 'eats' in yiddish is in fact /est/, not /ist/. there was also a 'french' line in yiddish that i can neither remember nor reconstruct but it started out with something like _avu tut dir vey..._ 'where does it hurt you?...' does this ring a bell for anyone? -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Mon, 19 Jul 93 17:53 PDT From: benji wald Subject: Re: 4.558 Just for Fun: Ferenghi, Hungarian For some reason some Israelis seem to associate Yiddish with Hungarian. I heard this "joke" in the late 1940s in New York in the order "a ki est una mesa" (a cow eats without a knife), which sounds like Spanish "aqui esta una mesa" (here is a table) This indicates an early date to the Spanish/Yiddish joke it seems to indicate. I always thought it was the result of Yiddish/Puerto Rican contact in New York. If so, it may be older than Sephadi/Ashkenazi contact in Israel -- but not necessary elsewhere. ... So how old is this "joke"? Incidentally, Germans may understand Yiddish better than they can "read" it -- since it is written in Hebrew letters. I've actually been able to test Germans for recognition of Yiddish -- without them knowing what language it is. It sounds like Swiss German to them (probably because of the /x/ following front vowels.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-584. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-585. Wed 28 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 97 Subject: 4.585 Qs: Emoticons, Periphery, Gender Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 28 Jul 1993 12:21:23 -0400 (EDT) From: Cathy Ball Subject: Query: Emoticons 2) Date: Wed, 28 Jul 1993 13:21:39 -0400 (EDT) From: Paul T Kershaw Subject: Gender and periphery 3) Date: Wed, 28 Jul 1993 13:48:45 -0400 From: Kathy Hargreaves Subject: gendered speech references requested -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 28 Jul 1993 12:21:23 -0400 (EDT) From: Cathy Ball Subject: Query: Emoticons I have just been talking to a writer from the Washington Post, who is doing some research on the meaning and use of 'emoticons' (smiley faces, etc.) in electronic discourse. He wanted a linguist's view on (a) why they are used and (b) whether they have anything in common with hieroglyphics. I gave him my own opinion (they are more common in informal e-discourse, e.g. in newsgroups; they compensate for the absence of voice or face in e-conversation; they may have evolved to avert flaming, etc.). I said I'd also ask the LINGUIST list. Please reply to me, and I will forward the responses to the writer (unless you'd rather not be quoted). Thanks! -- Cathy Ball (cball@guvax.georgetown.edu) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 28 Jul 1993 13:21:39 -0400 (EDT) From: Paul T Kershaw Subject: Gender and periphery While we're on the topic of gender bias in language, I have a query that's been brewing in my mind for a while. I had always thought that peripheral grammar forms come from (a) interference with other languages or (b) the need to fill communicative gaps left by the core grammar. A counterexample to this is the extremely widespread use of "woman", used as an adjective, agreeing with the noun it modifies, as in women doctors, women scientists, etc. I thought this was only an American phenom, but I've sent it in British Linguist postings, a United Nations title, and even a recent posting of examples from non-native speakers of English. I don't see how this could come from another language, and as for filling a communicative gap, we have "female" which is already an adjective and etymologically not gender-biased and perceptually no more biased than "woman". Furthermore, we have "child prodigy" vs. "child prodigies" (NOT the parallel *"children prodigies"). So I'm not sure where the "women doctors" form came into being. Was it (a) a mandate by a particular feminist group (such mandates, of course, are typically unsuccessful) or (b) the result of something I have yet to see? Querelously yours, Paul Kershaw, Michigan State University, KershawP@Student.MSU.Edu (P.S. I give the analysis of women doctors as [N' [A women] doctors] or something like that. An alternate analysis as [N [N women] doctors] seems less likely, since this structure seems completely unused in English. I may be wrong, of course.) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Wed, 28 Jul 1993 13:48:45 -0400 From: Kathy Hargreaves Subject: gendered speech references requested Does anyone out there have references for how male and female speech differ? I'm not interested in PC reconstruction of words, but rather gendered syntax, inflection, etc. I'd like to know if there are markers whereby someone could tell what gender person they were talking to without any other cues, such as overall voice pitch. Thanks, Kathy -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-585. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-586. Wed 28 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 58 Subject: 4.586 Sum: Frequency of Verbal Stress Types Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 28 Jul 93 11:01:37 EDT From: elaine crowder Subject: freq of verbal stress types -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 28 Jul 93 11:01:37 EDT From: elaine crowder Subject: freq of verbal stress types I received a prompt answer to my question about frequency of English verbal stress. Murray Spiegel ran some stats on Webster's 7th on-line and came up with the following results: Total verbs: 7121 Ultimate: 3774 (53%) Includes 213 with two 1 stresses Remainder: 3561 (50%) Penultimate: 2083 (29%) Includes 282 with two 1 stresses Remainder: 1801 (25%) Antepenultimate: 1373 (19%) Includes 154 with two 1 stresses Remainder: 1219 (17%) Ante-antepenultimate: 196 (3%) Includes 91 with two 1 stresses Remainder: 105 (1%) The duplicate primary stresses cause the statistics to get more or less than 100%, depending on how you count them. When verbs having double primary stress were omitted, the frequency of antepenultimate verbs having the specified endings were: ate--556 ize--323 ify--109 aph--17 ute--13 ent--12 yze--11 ise--10 ine--10 ter--7 ade--7 nce--6 ite--5 ose--5 per--4 ram--4 cle--4 -------- -Elaine -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-586. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-587. Wed 28 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 83 Subject: 4.587 Software Available: Deriving FSM's from Corpora Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 29 Jul 1993 00:35:40 +0800 From: James Tauber Subject: Software: Deriving FSMs from corpora -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 29 Jul 1993 00:35:40 +0800 From: James Tauber Subject: Software: Deriving FSMs from corpora The software FiST, which I mentioned in Linguist 4.430 is now available in C source code by anonymous ftp. What is FiST? FiST stands for Finite State Tools and refers to a set of programs for implementing Finite State Machines (a.k.a. Finite State Automata). What can it do? At the moment, it can tokenize a corpus by character, or word (often a morphological tag) and then produce a minimal deterministic finite- state table. Later I will work on adding a recognizer transducer (to produce output), weighting (for probabilistic recognition) and grouping tools for RTN production. What can it be used for? On the simplest level, it can be used for teaching theoretical computer science, for graphotactics (recognizing valid letter sequences) and for complex pattern searching. It could also be used for data compression on lists with high structural repetition and where ordering within the list is unimportant. With later developments mentioned above (which will only take a month or two once the basics are done) the software could be used for two-level morphological analysis (alla Kimmo), probabilistic recognition (with applications to source-criticism in ancient texts.) and inducing grammars from tagged corpora. Does it cost anything? The software is free but the copyright remains mine. See the GNU General Public License included (in the file COPYING) for details. Where can it be obtained? It is presently available by anonymous ftp from tartarus.uwa.edu.au in the directory /pub/jtauber. Finger jtauber@tartarus.uwa.edu.au for the latest release details. Mail me at the same address if you cannot ftp. I must point out that this program is in a very early beta-version. I have a lot to add and no doubt, a lot to fix. PLEASE, flame me if I've done anything wrong or just plain silly. If you would like to see anything added, just let me know. If you actually use this program (or later versions) for anything, I'd love to hear from you. James Tauber e-mail: jtauber@tartarus.uwa.edu.au snail-mail: 72 Central Road Rossmoyne WA 6148 AUSTRALIA -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-587. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-588. Thu 29 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 214 Subject: 4.588 Oxford Text Archive Update Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 29 Jul 1993 16:39:24 +0100 From: Lou Burnard Subject: Oxford Text Archive update -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 29 Jul 1993 16:39:24 +0100 From: Lou Burnard Subject: Oxford Text Archive update *--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--* THE OXFORD TEXT ARCHIVE IS PLEASED TO ANNOUNCE... *--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--* * a new Short List of titles held at Oxford * 40 titles now available in TEI format for anonymous FTP * a new FTP service for licensed access via the Internet It's been a long time since we posted any news of our activities to this or other lists. It's not that we've been inactive -- quite the opposite in fact. * We have been converting texts to a standard TEI-compatible mark up (with much appreciated help from Jeffrey Triggs at Bellcore, and John Price-Wilkin at Virginia). * We have been experimenting with ways of saving time and money by using FTP, Gopher, WWW etc to deliver material rather than tapes and disks * We have been scouring the networks for new material of all kinds * We have been trying to find some additional and reliable sources of funding, but cannot report much progress. Any philanthropists out there, please form an orderly queue. ***** NEW ACCESSIONS ****** Our latest catalogue lists 1336 titles, in 28 languages. We have about 1.2 Gb of textual data, most of it freely available, some of it restricted in one way or another. We want more. We're particularly interested in scholarly minority-interest material which is not going to turn up on CD-anything in the foreseeable future. We don't charge fees to look after your material, and we keep track of what happens to it. We do our best to make sure that whatever texts you deposit with us are rendered as future-proof as we can make them but we don't change the information you recorded. We're archivists, not evangelists, for electronic text. At the same time, now that some kind of standardization is at last beginning to appear, we're eager to show that old wine can be put into new bottles. So you'll find that quite a few texts are now available in more than one form -- both the original, and a "TEI-compatible" form. (When the original form is easily available elsewhere, and particularly when the TEI form has more information in it, then we may well drop the former from the catalogue. But don't worry: it's still in the Archive....) *********** NEW FTP SERVICES ************* Our ftp address is: ota.ox.ac.uk. You can log on as anonymous, quoting your e-mail address as a password. If you don't know how to use FTP, ask someone at your local computer centre. If someone there runs a Gopher, or WWW server, get them to point the little critter at the following useful files, which you can also download from the above address: ota/textarchive.list our current catalogue ota/textarchive.info information file + order form There are two classes of texts available from this FTP server (a) texts which are in TEI format and which we can make freely available (these all appear as category P texts in the shortlist) (b) texts which are available only under our standard conditions of use, (these all appear as category U or A in the shortlist) [Just to confuse the issue, there are also texts which appear as category P texts in the Shortlist, because they are freely available, but which we have not yet checked or converted for TEI compatibility, and which are therefore not available from our FTP server, though you may well be able to get them from someone else's. We will distribute them in the same way as (b) class texts if you insist.] A CLASS TEXTS (Freely Available) You can just download these without formality using standard FTP commands. In some cases there are additional usage constraints, specified in the TEI header. We also hope that you won't redistribute these texts in a mutilated state or without acknowledgment of where you got them from. We can't enforce any of these things, obviously. We think that the Internet is successful because -- and as long as -- people trust each other. To see what (a) class texts are available now, just take a look in the directory ota. It's arranged, like the ShortList, by language, and within that by Author. There are x texts in there today, and there will be more. Each text has a conformant TEI header, and each text is a legal TEI compatible document, using a special document type definition (dtd), which you can also download from the same directory (look in ota/TEI). Eventually, there'll be some more introductory stuff on what SGML is, why the TEI is a Good Thing etc etc. Just now, we're working flat out getting the texts in there. Here's the list of what was there when I prepared this note: Anonymous: Gammer Gurtons Needle Edgar Rice Burroughs: A Princess of Mars Wilkie Collins: The Woman in White Joseph Conrad: Lord Jim; Nigger of the Narcissus Charles Darwin: Origin of Species Arthur Conan Doyle: Adventures of Sherlock Holmes; Casebook of Sherlock Holmes; His last bow; Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes; Sign of Four; Valley of Fear; Hound of the Baskervilles; Return of Sherlock Holmes; A study in Scarlet Henry James: The Europeans; Roderick Hudson; The Watch Jack London: Klondike Tales; The Seawolf; The Call of the Wild; Whitefang Andrew Marvell: English Poems (1688) Herman Melville: Moby Dick John Milton: Paradise Lost Lucy M. Montgomery: Ann of Avonlea William Morris: News from Nowhere Baroness Orczy: The Scarlet Pimpernel Bram Stoker: Dracula Antony Trollope: Lady Anna; Ayalas Angel; The Eustace Diamonds; Can you forgive her; Phineas Finn; Phineas Redux; Rachel Ray; Dr Wortle's School; Mark Twain: A Connecticut Yankee at the court of King Arthur H.G. Wells: The Invisible Man; The War of the Worlds; The Time Machine (B) CLASS TEXTS : (Restricted access) The majority of texts in the Archive are and always have been held in trust for a Depositor. Rather than keep track of a zillion different contracts with each Depositor, we worked out a single contract which is the basis of our standard user declaration form. It has served to keep us out of the law courts for the last twenty five years, so it can't have been all bad. Because it's a contract, we have to have a signed paper copy of the declaration in our hands before we can issue copies of the texts. Once we have that declaration, we can send you copies of restricted texts, on diskette, cartridge or magnetic tape, or even over the network. Up till this week, the only way you could get copies of (b) class texts over the network was to tell us an account and password on your machine. We would then bash the files across to you, for free. This was a rather unsatisfactory procedure in several ways: we think we now have a better one. It's still free and it works like this: - you send us a signed order form, as usual - on the order form you specify the password of your choice - we place copies of the files you ordered in a special directory under ota, access to which requires you to quote both a personal identifier (which we will give you) and the password (which you have told us) - we send you e-mail giving details of how to access the directory - you download copies of the files you ordered, using conventional ftp commands - after a fixed period of time (usually about a week) your personal identifier is removed and the file copies deleted **********THE DOWN SIDE************ We save until the very end of this note the inevitable piece of bad news. After 25 years, we've been told very firmly that we have to increase our prices to something a bit nearer a realistic level. Not only that, but within the European Community we must charge VAT at 17.5% on every order. We've taken this opportunity to rethink the way in which we charge slightly. We charge only for material costs, postage and packing on orders for texts sent on magnetic media of various kinds. We have abolished the "per text" fee, and we are no longer insisting on payment in advance. We are still charging over the odds for diskettes because they take us a disproportionate amount of effort to produce. The cost is worked out as follows: Magnetic tape: #50 ($80) each DC350 tape cartridge #30 ($50) each Diskette #20 ($35) each Invoicing charge #10 ($20) payable if order is not prepaid Postage surcharge #10 ($20) for orders outside EC Add VAT at 17.5% for orders within EC We will continue to give an estimate for the cost of any order free of charge. And, of course, if you use our new FTP service, then you don't need to pay us a penny. We look forward to hearing from you in the new academic year! Lou Burnard and Alan Morrison *--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--* Oxford Text Archive email: archive@ox.ac.uk Oxford University Computing Services tel: +44 865 273238 13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK fax: +44 865 273275 *--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--*--* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-588. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-589. Thu 29 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 34 Subject: 4.589 Host Needed for ESCOL '94 Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 28 Jul 93 22:43:27 EDT From: Eastern States Conference on Linguistics Subject: Host for ESCOL '94 -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 28 Jul 93 22:43:27 EDT From: Eastern States Conference on Linguistics Subject: Host for ESCOL '94 As you may have heard, Ohio State University will soon be hosting the tenth annual Eastern States Conference on Linguistics (ESCOL) on August 6-8. As the site for next year's conference has not been determined yet, we would like to invite departments interested in hosting ESCOL '94 to contact us (escol@ling.ohio-state.edu) or send representatives to the business meeting to be held August 7, 3:30pm during the conference. The ESCOL '93 committee -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-589. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-590. Thu 29 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 314 Subject: 4.590 Conference: Generative Approaches to Language Acquisition Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 23 Jul 93 20:02:41 BST From: Durham.Linguistics@durham.ac.uk Subject: GALA: Programme & Registration Form -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 23 Jul 93 20:02:41 BST From: Durham.Linguistics@durham.ac.uk Subject: GALA: Programme & Registration Form PLEASE POST PLEASE POST PLEASE POST PLEASE POST PLEASE POST G A L A GENERATIVE APPROACHES TO LANGUAGE ACQUISITION G A L A 17 (Friday) - 19 (Sunday) September 1993 G A L A is the follow-up to the 1991 "Crossing Boundaries" conference on language development held in Durham's sister-city, Tuebingen. G A L A 1993 aims to bring together research within a generative framework on all aspects of language development. UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM ENGLAND P R O V I S I O N A L P R O G R A M M E Non-plenary talks are 30 minutes followed by a 10-minute discussion session. FRIDAY, 17 SEPTEMBER 10:10-13:30 PRE-CONFERENCE ACTIVITIES (see the pre-registration form) 11:00-14:00 REGISTRATION (School of Education, lobby) 14:00-14:40 J. Weissenborn (Max Planck) & Z. Penner (Berne) The acquisition of the DP: The role of grammatical features and the acquisition path S. Felix (Passau) Mental biology in second language acquisition 14:45-15:25 A. Ferdinand (HIL/Leiden) The acquisition of subject verb agreement in French S. Dooley Collberg (Uppsala) & G. Hakansson (Lund) The parametric preference hypothesis 15:30-16:10 M. Saxton (Oxford) When the bough breaks...: Problems in grafting linguistics onto psychology A. Sorace (Edinburgh) Scalar grammaticality for wh-extractions: Empirical evidence and conceptual consequences for L2 acquisition 16:10-16:40 TEA 16:45-17:25 C. Jakubowicz (Labo. de Psychologie Experimentale, Paris) On the morphological specification of reflexives M. Brennan (Durham) Modality setting 17:30-18:10 C. Koster (Groningen) Pseudo-errors with pronominals C. Carrithers & B. Weinstein (Rutgers) & C. Patrie (Gallaudet) Deaf spellers do NOT learn English spelling as a second language 18:10-18:45 SHERRY HOUR 18:45-20:15 DINNER (College of St. Hild and St. Bede) 20:30-21:30 PLENARY: Guest Lecture by Juergen Meisel (Hamburg) Simultaneous first language acquisition: A window on early grammatical acquisition 21:30-23:00 RECEPTION: Dessert & local music (bar open till 24:00) SATURDAY, 18 SEPTEMBER 8:30-11:00 REGISTRATION (School of Education, lobby) 9:00-9:40 A. Vainikka & T. Roeper (UMass-Amherst) Operators and CP in early acquisition N. Mueller (Hamburg) Against parameter resetting in second language acquisition 9:45-10:25 U. Lakshmanan (S. Illinois) The acquisition of relative clauses by Tamil children S. Nimmrichter (Pennsylvania) Predication as a licensing relation in L2 acquisition H. Goad (McGill) Consonant harmony is reduplication 10:30-11:10 K.K. Saah (Ghana/Ottawa) & H. Goodluck (Ottawa) Island effects in adult and child sentence comprehension: A crosslinguistic study of English and Akan D. Robertson (Edinburgh) What counts as triggering evidence in SLA? S.J. Hannahs (Durham) & E. Stotko (Delaware) Morphological acquisition and phonological theory 11:10-11:40 COFFEE ("Elevenses") 11:45-12:25 N. Hyams & J. Schaeffer (UCLA) & K. Johnson (UMass-Amherst) On the acquisition of verb particle constructions M. Zampini (Arizona) An interlanguage rule of Spanish spirantization and current phonological theory 12:30-13:10 I. Barbier (Cornell) 'Unscrambled objects' in the acquisition of Dutch J. Pater (McGill) Metrical parameter missetting in second language acquisition 13:15-14:25 LUNCH 14:30-15:10 A. Hulk (Amsterdam) Some questions about questions H.K.J. van der Lely & L. Stollwerck (Birkbeck College, London) Binding theory and specifically language impaired children 15:15-15:55 C. Boster & S. Crain (Connecticut) The interaction of 'every' and 'or' in child language L. Eubank (North Texas) Verb placement and inflection in German SLI 15:55-16:25 TEA 16:30-17:30 PLENARY: Guest Lecture by Lydia White (McGill) Interlanguages as natural languages: Implications of parameter miss-setting in SLA 18:15-19:00 DURHAM BY BOAT 19:00-19:45 VISIT TO CATHEDRAL 20:00-22:30 DINNER (St. Cuthbert's Society) SUNDAY, 19 SEPTEMBER 9:00-10:00 REGISTRATION (School of Education, lobby) 9:15-9:55 A. van Hout (Max Planck), J. Randall (Northeastern/Max Planck) & J. Weissenborn (Max Planck) Are linking rules universal? Learning unaccusativity in Dutch and German G. Ioup (New Orleans) Comparing two near-native L2 learners of Egyptian Arabic: One instructed, one naturalistic 10:00-10:40 N. Duffield (Duesseldorf/McGill) The significance of rogue null subjects in German child language T.I. Kaplan (Iowa) Implications of L2 acquisition for maturation 10:45-11:25 C. Hamann (Geneva) German 0-subjects and 0-objects: Null-constants, null-operators and pro A.T. Perez-Leroux (Penn State) & X. Li (Northern Virginia CC) Binding in L2 acquisition of wh-movement 11:25-11:55 COFFEE ("Elevenses") 12:00-13:00 PLENARY: Guest Lecture by Ken Wexler (MIT) The development of developmental studies of inflection: A cross-linguistic perspective 14:30-15:10 A. Weinberg (Maryland) Morphology and minimalism meet maturation: The case of the "passato prossimo" A. Henry (Ulster at Jordanstown) Why syntax is different: A UG approach to language disorders in children 15:15-15:55 A.P. Saleemi (Singapore) Small children's short derivations: Movement constraints in early Urdu syntax T.C. Bourgeois (Arizona) Resolving a paradox in phonological acquisition: Learning distinctive segments without minimal pairs 16:00-16:40 I.M. Tsimpli (Newcastle) Aspect inside VP: Evidence from early grammars H. Wode (Kiel) Speech perception and the learnability of languages ============================================================================ For a GALA registration packet--which includes maps as well as information on: the conference venue, travelling to and around Durham; meals/accommodation; other conferences in the UK prior to GALA--please contact the GALA 1993 Coordinators at: School of English and Linguistics e-mail: Durham.Linguistics@durham.ac.uk University of Durham Elvet Riverside II, New Elvet phone: (44) 91-374-2315 / 2643 Durham DH1 3JT ENGLAND fax: (44) 91-374-7471 o_\/ _ _ _ CUT HERE _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ o /\ G A L A PRE-REGISTRATION FORM Deadline for pre-registration: RECEIPT BY 15 AUGUST 1993 Name _______________________________________________________________________ Affiliation ________________________________________________________________ Mailing address ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ phone ________________ e-mail _________________________ fax ________________ Please tick if you require a BSL interpreter ___ Pre-registration includes the boat trip on the River Wear on Sat. evening. CONFERENCE FEES on-site registration pre-registration regular L40 (US$63 / Can$80) regular L34 (US$53 / Can$68) student L20 (US$31 / Can$40) student L15 (US$24 / Can$30) (Enclose proof of student status.) = ____ You must pre-register for accommodation and meals. BED AND BREAKFAST please tick: Thursday ___ Friday ___ Saturday ___ Sunday ___ single room ___ double room, sharing with ________________________ L14 (US$22 / Can$28) / night (PER PERSON (x __)) x no. of nights __ = ____ If you plan to arrive prior to Friday, 17 September, give your expected arrival time: _________________________ The LAGB is to be held 13-15 September in Bangor, Wales. If there is sufficient interest, inexpensive transport by coach from Bangor to Durham will be arranged for 16 September. Are you interested? ___ PRE-CONFERENCE ACTIVITIES (FRIDAY MORNING) Friday 10:10-11:00 guided tour of Durham Castle 11:15-12:00 Durham Heritage Centre 12:00/12:30 pub lunch at the Court Inn L5 (US$7.80 / Can$10) (x no. of people __) = ____ MEALS lunches (both at St. Hild/St. Bede) please tick: Saturday ___ Sunday ___ L5 (US$7.80 / Can$10) / lunch x no. of lunches __ = ____ dinners (with wine--Fri.: St. Hild/St. Bede; Sat.: St. Cuthbert's) please tick: Friday (includes dessert buffet) ___ Saturday ___ L14 (US$22 / Can $28) / dinner x no. of dinners __ = ____ tick if you require vegetarian meals ___ TOTAL ____ Please pay ("GALA") in sterling by bank draft or Eurocheque or by check in US or Canadian dollars, and send to: GALA Organizing Committee School of English and Linguistics University of Durham Elvet Riverside II, New Elvet Durham DH1 3JT ENGLAND Students interested in applying to School of English and Linguistics PhD programmes should contact GALA for special registration information. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-590. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-591. Thu 29 Jul 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 158 Subject: 4.591 Jobs: Applied Linguistics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 28 Jul 93 15:28:05 +0100 From: "Steve Fligelstone" Subject: Job -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 28 Jul 93 15:28:05 +0100 From: "Steve Fligelstone" Subject: Job LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, U.K. LECTURER IN APPLIED LINGUISTICS [Please note:- Application forms and further details should be obtained from the Personnel Department, referred to below (tel: +534 65201 ext. 2160). Specific queries may be directed to the Head of Department, Dr. G. Knowles, Dept of Linguistics and Modern English Language, Bowland College, Lancaster University LA1 4YT; tel: +524 593023, FAX: +524 843085; email: eia008@ lancaster.ac.uk - Please do not address queries to me - I am just posting the message because I have access to LINGUIST. Thanks - Steve F.] Applications are invited for a lecturer in Applied Linguistics, tenable from September 1993 or as soon as possible thereafter. Candidates should have considerable relevant teaching experience and a good academic record of research and publication. A PhD in a relevant area will be an advantage, as will an established reputation in the area of English language education. We are seeking to consolidate and complement our existing strengths through this appointment. Applications from candidates whose interest will extend the scope of applied linguistics in the Department will be especially welcome. Expertise in any of the following areas will therefore be advantageous: curriculum design, the management of language education, critical language pedagogy, second language acquisition, first/second language production and processing. The person appointed will be expected to teach the full range of undergraduate and postgraduate levels, supervise research students and research projects, and assume the normal range of administrative responsibilities. Salary on the Lecturer A Scale: 13,601 to 18,855 pounds p.a. or Lecturer B Scale: 19,642 to 25,107 pounds p.a. dependent upon qualifications and experience. Ref: L140 Method of Application Candidates should complete and return FIVE copies of the following: application form (available from address below), curriculum vitae giving full particulars of education, qualifications, publications and main academic interests and covering letter, if appropriate, to arrive NOT LATER THAN 5 AUGUST 1993 to the Personnel Services Office, Bowland College, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YT United Kingdom. Envelopes should be marked with the appropriate reference. Further Particulars Lancaster University's Department of Linguistics and Modern English Language is a major international centre of teaching and research in linguistics and applied linguistics and is particularly well known for its work in descriptive linguistics, English language, computational linguistics, human communication, sociolinguistics, stylistics, English language teaching, educational linguistics, mother tongue education, bilingual education and literacy. The Department is also engaged in collaborative teaching and research with the Computing department, other departments in the faculty of Social Sciences, of which it is a member, and to a lesser extent with language departments in the Humanities Faculty. In recent years the Department has experienced rapid expansion in its teaching and research activities. The numbers of both undergraduate and postgraduate students have grown as have the numbers of teaching and research staff. For example, we now expect to have about fifty MA students, and about seventy research students, registered with us in any one year. It is in this context that we are seeking to fill this replacement position with someone who has considerable relevant teaching experience, a good academic record of research and publication, and preferably a relevant PhD, and an established reputation in the area of English language teaching. Currently we have 15 full-time teaching staff. This post, and a Chair already advertised, will bring the number up to 17. Research The Department has a very high research profile, being one of five linguistics departments in the country to achieve the top rating (class 5A) in the recent research assessment exercise. Research in the Department is increasingly organised within research centres with their own management structure. Currently the Department's research centres are the Unit for Computer Research on the English Language (UCREL), the Centre for Language in Social Life (CLSL), and the Centre for Research in Language Education (CRILE). Day-to-day research activities involve a large number of informal research groups meeting regularly throughout the year, on such topics as: Classroom Language Learning, the Development of Language Teacher Associations, Language and Gender in the Classroom, Language Learning in Large Classes, Language Testing, Teacher Research and Teacher Development, the Teaching of Writing, Bilingualism, Literacy, Stylistics, and Text and Identity. The person appointed will be expected to make a strong contribution to the Department's overall research activity, for example through the above research groups, and/or by creating new ones, and will also be expected to be actively involved in the supervision of research students. Teaching The Department is seeking someone who will be able to contribute to the Department's teaching at all levels, from first year undergraduate to postgraduate, and, in particular, to take a major role in the MA programme in Linguistics for English Language Teaching. We have a wide range of students, many from overseas, on several different degree schemes. The ability to teach in a wide variety of areas of linguistics and applied linguistics will therefore be an advantage, although the main need for this replacement position is in the area of English language education (and more especially English language teaching) again at all levels. We offer courses in English language teaching for our first year students, and increasingly offer courses in appropriate research methods for our doctoral research candidates. For the postgraduate work in particular expertise in the following areas of our English language teaching work will be especially welcome: curriculum design, the management of language education, critical language pedagogy, second language acquisition, first/second language production and processing. Our strong involvement in language education means that we are also very interested in teaching and learning as intellectual and social practices. We would therefore especially welcome applications from candidates who themselves are particularly interested in teaching and learning at university and other levels. Making your application Please make clear in your application, after you have looked through our information on the range of courses we currently offer, what contributions you would wish to make to the teaching work of the Department, and what experience you already have of such teaching. Make clear also any special interest you have in the teaching and learning processes themselves (for example, you may have experimented with computer-assisted learning, or with portfolio-based assessment). Please also include a description of your research interests and experience, information about your research publications to date, and your plans for future research, with particular reference to how these might fit in with and/or complement the existing research work of the Department. If you are shortlisted and invited for interview you will also be invited to make a twenty-minute presentation to a group of staff and students of the Department, on a topic of your own choosing related to your teaching and research interests. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-591. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-592. Mon 02 Aug 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 200 Subject: 4.592 Qs: Null Pros, Infinitives, Stress, Reference, Atlas Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 28 Jul 93 18:00:06 -0700 From: wallace@COGNET.UCLA.EDU (Karen Wallace) Subject: query: coordination of null pronominal 2) Date: Thu, 29 Jul 1993 19:00:08 -0500 (EST) From: BALTIN@ACFcluster.NYU.EDU Subject: Infinitives 3) Date: Sat, 31 Jul 93 11:26:42 -0400 From: "David J Silva" Subject: Q: Stress-Clash Override 4) Date: 2 Aug 1993 17:10:49 GMT+1200 From: "Claudia Brugman" Subject: two queries 5) Date: Mon, 2 Aug 1993 23:14:19 -0500 (EDT) From: heap@epas.utoronto.ca (David Heap) Subject: atlas software? -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 28 Jul 93 18:00:06 -0700 From: wallace@COGNET.UCLA.EDU (Karen Wallace) Subject: query: coordination of null pronominal Can anyone give me pointers to references in the literature which mention syntactic coordination of a null pronominal with an overt NP? The only thing I've found so far is McCloskey's (1986) discussion of this phenomenon in Irish (NLLT 4:22). Alternatively, if you're a speaker of a pro-drop language (or know a lot about one), I'd be interested to know whether this occurs in that language. Can you say, with the appropriate agreement marking on the verb, something like: Terry and left Where "left" is marked first person plural or first person singular and it means "Terry and I left" ? Please reply to me (wallace@cognet.ucla.edu). I will summarize to the group if there is significant interest. Many thanks. Karen Wallace -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 29 Jul 1993 19:00:08 -0500 (EST) From: BALTIN@ACFcluster.NYU.EDU Subject: Infinitives I'm currently trying to find languages, other than English, with "analytic" infinitives, i.e., in which the infinitive marker is a free morpheme.I'd be grateful to know of such languages, and even more grateful if those who know of such languages could also tell me where floating quantifiers modifying PRO subjects in such languages are placed. An example from English of this sort of construction would be : () To all leave would be inconvenient.I'll post a summary ofthe replies to LINGUIST, and you could respond to me directly at : baltin@acfcluster.nyu.edu. Thanks,----Mark Baltin -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Sat, 31 Jul 93 11:26:42 -0400 From: "David J Silva" Subject: Q: Stress-Clash Override I am writing on behalf of a student who would like to know the following: In his 1990 text, J. Goldsmith mentions that languages can employ an option of "Forward Clash Override" when constructing grids--that is, "In certain languages, though, while it is less common, the rule that introduces alternating stress _will_ create a stress-clash..." (p. 196) Can subscribers provide examples of such languages and references? Please reply to me directly and I'll forward the information. Many thanks. --David Silva (djsilva@mailbox.syr.edu) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: 2 Aug 1993 17:10:49 GMT+1200 Subject: two queries From: "Claudia Brugman" I have two rather urgent queries. Please reply to me personally; if anyone expresses interest in the second of these (or indeed the first) I can summarize to the list. ("Urgent" means something like 'in the next week or so'.) 1) If anyone is in (or knows something about) a School, Division, or Department with both of the words "Language(s)" and "Linguistic(s)" in its title (e.g. "School of Modern Languages and Linguistics", "Department of Language and Linguistic Studies"), could you write to me and tell me a few words about how the School, etc. is set up and what the relationship is between the language study and the study of linguistics. 2) A feminist scholar of my acquaintance has a student who says that Catherine McKinnon has claimed that "Subject/Object" syntax contributes to the objectification of women, because (?) male-denoting expressions are (overwhelmingly) found in subject position and female-denoting expressions are found in object position. Does anyone have the original reference for this claim, or know about any linguistically-oriented studies which test the hypothesis that syntactic arrangement possibilities (or the use of such possibilities of arrangement) so contribute? If so, is the distinction made between nom/acc languages and erg/abs? Is any corresponding study made of the semantic roles of arguments as correlated with sex of the denotatum? Is a distinction made between a grammar and its users? Does anyone critique the presumption that "object" means the same thing in both cases? In short, any leads would be most appreciated. (Please don't write just to tell me how stupid this claim is, or how obviously correct it is.) Thanks for any responses. Claudia Brugman Linguistics Programme, University of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin, New Zealand cbrugman@gandalf.otago.ac.nz -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5) Date: Mon, 2 Aug 1993 23:14:19 -0500 (EDT) From: heap@epas.utoronto.ca (David Heap) Subject: atlas software? My current research into Romance clitic clusters will involve setting up a database of forms drawn primarily from linguistic atlases of France, Italy, Spain etc. I am presently having some difficulty in deciding on a software package which suits my needs. Ideally, I would like to be able to design a database that allows me to enter and process largish amounts of heterogenous and variable data, and then display the results in ways that allow me to draw both geolinguistic generalizations (which clitics occur where etc.) and morphosyntactic generalizations (what clusters occur in which positions etc.). My statistical needs are fairly basic, and there are no sociolinguistic variables (apart from location) to factor in. Right now, I am trying to evaluate the following choices: 1. Database packages designed for social scientists (SAS, Systat etc.), which have far more sophisticated statistical capacities than I foresee needing, but which do allow rather easily for redisplaying results on geographic maps. 2. Commercial database packages (Quatro, Paradox, etc.), which seem rather simpler to get up and running, but which do not provide in any obvious way to display results on maps. I have also seen a few references to G[eographic] I[nformation] S[ystems], but at this point, it is not quite clear to me what sorts of databases they can use as input. Any comments on these choices? What about other options which I haven't mentioned (I'm sure these are at least as numerous)? Or a combination of approaches? I apologize if this query sounds like reinventing the methodological wheel; I need to make a fairly firm decision before the end of August. Any other practical information about Romance dialectology, particularly in Spain, would be greatly appreciated. Please reply to me personally, since I may have to set my subscription to NOMAIL in the near future; I will post a summary eventually if there is enough interest. Many thanks in advance, David Heap University of Toronto heap@epas.utoronto.ca -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-592. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-593. Mon 02 Aug 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 77 Subject: 4.593 Conference: Discourse Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 2 Aug 1993 16:59 EET From: Brita Warvik Subject: Conference: Organization in Discourse -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 2 Aug 1993 16:59 EET From: Brita Warvik Subject: Conference: Organization in Discourse FIRST CIRCULAR The English Department of the University of Turku will be hosting a conference on ********************************************************* * ORGANIZATION IN DISCOURSE * * Turku, Finland * * 11 - 14 August, 1994 * ********************************************************* Sections are planned on topics dealing with linguistic aspects of textual organization in, for example, speech and writing, and in narrative and scientific discourse. Papers are invited on questions relevant to such topics. The plenary speakers will be Douglas Biber, Svetla Cmejrkova, Nils Erik Enkvist, Jan Firbas, Michael Hoey, and Eija Ventola. Please send your preliminary registration by 31 August, 1993 to the organizing committee; e-mail sakata@sara.utu.fi. The second circular will be sent in the autumn of 1993 to those who have sent in their preliminary registration. It will include information on the deadline for abstracts and the conference fees and other costs. REGISTRATION FORM Name Affiliation Mailing address I intend to present a paper on: Rooms are available at the Conference Centre for FIM 155/double room and FIM 255/single room. Prices are per person per night including breakfast and morning sauna. I will need accommodation SINGLE ROOM / DOUBLE ROOM Please send your preliminary registration by 31 August, 1993 to sakata@sara.utu.fi Organizing Committee: Risto Hiltunen, Sanna-Kaisa Tanskanen, Brita Warvik ORGANIZATION IN DISCOURSE Department of English University of Turku 20500 Turku, Finland -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-593. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-594. Mon 02 Aug 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 47 Subject: 4.594 Just for Fun: Yiddish/Hebrew Pun Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 28 Jul 1993 12:32:21 -0400 (EDT) From: Ronald Fein Subject: Re: 4.584 Just for fun: Research, Yiddish -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 28 Jul 1993 12:32:21 -0400 (EDT) From: Ronald Fein Subject: Re: 4.584 Just for fun: Research, Yiddish > yiddish is in fact /est/, not /ist/. there was also a 'french' line in yiddish > that i can neither remember nor reconstruct but it started out with something > like _avu tut dir vey..._ 'where does it hurt you?...' does this ring a bell > for anyone? > There is an Israeli joke (along these lines, but punning on Hebrew and Yiddish) about a recent Yiddish-speaking immigrant who tries to board a Tel Aviv bus which has no seats left. The bus driver says "Slicha, ein makom" [slixa eyn makom]. The immigrant responds, "Zeh tov, yesh li ein tukhes." [zEh tov yes^ li ayn tUxIs] Forgiving any errors I might have made with the Hebrew or the IPA, the bus driver says (in perfect Hebrew) "There's no room." (ein = "there is no" in Hebrew.) The immigrant's response plays on German/Yiddish ein (= "one"), and means (in a Hebrew-Yiddish mixture) "That's good, I have one butt." -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-594. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-595. Mon 02 Aug 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 201 Subject: 4.595 Last Posting: Gender Markedness Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 28 Jul 93 13:13:24 EST From: mark Subject: re: 4.562 Gender Markedness 2) Date: Thu, 29 Jul 93 06:38:54 EDT From: Paul.F.Schaffner@um.cc.umich.edu Subject: gender markedness 3) Date: Wed, 28 Jul 1993 20:40:21 -0500 From: fcosws@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu (Steven Schaufele) Subject: Hann redux & epicene pronouns -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 28 Jul 93 13:13:24 EST From: mark Subject: re: 4.562 Gender Markedness Herb Stahlke asks if there are contexts besides soccer (in which the warning cry "Man on!" is used in female as well as male games) in which other considerations outweigh the demands of gender sensitivity. I recall reading that the Navy has explicitly NOT modified the emergency alert "Man overboard!" Urgency seems to be an overriding factor, and little wonder! Mark A. Mandel Dragon Systems, Inc. : speech recognition : +1 617 965-5200 320 Nevada St. : Newton, Mass. 02160, USA : mark@dragonsys.com -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 29 Jul 93 06:38:54 EDT From: Paul.F.Schaffner@um.cc.umich.edu Subject: gender markedness Leland Mccleary asks for a new noun marked for male gender ("xoman"), so as to leave "man" unmarked. The historical form fitting this bill is of course "wepman" (OED wapman, OE waepmann), the male equivalent of the female "wifman." Lawman's Brut, e.g., offers "Leode nere thar nane, ne wapmen ne wifmen" ('No people were there, neither men nor women'); and the Owl & the Nightingale mentions "luve..bitweone wepmon & wimmane." "Wepmon" is a contraction of "Waepned-mann" = 'male man'; literally 'armed ('weaponed') man.' Also, regarding "they/them" in place of "he/she/her/him," has it occurred to no one that actively encouraging this usage on the grounds of sensitivity might impede or delay its widespread use? That is, that it might serve to mark the usage as distinctive of feminists? (Pronouns have in the past seemed susceptible to such ideological marking, and even the adoption of "you" was not without its struggles, as Quakers can attest.) Or is this wholly implausible? Paul Schaffner usergfnk@umichum (BITNET) Middle English Dictionary usergfnk@um.cc.umich.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Wed, 28 Jul 1993 20:40:21 -0500 From: fcosws@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu (Steven Schaufele) Subject: Hann redux & epicene pronouns There have been a few more postings, some to me personally but some to the List, since i posted (LINGUIST 4-538) an explanation of the epicene pronoun 'hann' that i have been using. Some of these have included questions and challenges, some of which i will try to address here. One question boils down to 'what's wrong with/why can't you use *they* as an epicene pronoun?' There are two answers to that. One is theological and may not be of much general interest (though i will give it briefly here), the other more, i think, specifically linguistic. Both turn on the fact that, for me at least, 'they' is still basically a plural form, and serviceable as a generic pronoun only in the sense that crowds are inherently generic. (1) As a progressive Christian, i am no longer willing to refer to God consistently or typically as 'He', although i have no qualms about referring to the historical human Jesus by that pronoun. But as an orthodox Christian, i am not willing to refer to Hann as 'They'. And as a style-conscious English-speaker, i insist on having some pronoun i can use in such contexts. (2) As Michael Newman points out (at the beginning of his 1993 Columbia dissertation A Theoretical and Descriptive Study of Epicene Pronouns: the Linguistics of a Prescriptive Problem), there are actually a variety of environments in which an epicene pronoun might be desirable, and English-speakers may vary as to what they will accept in each of these different environments; 'they' may not be equally acceptable in all of them. I give his examples (with the appropriate form of 'they' inserted into the pronominal slot, and brackets and indices to indicate co-referencing), organized according to my own judgments. (a) Somebody(i) might at that time contradict their(i) own position. (b) [Every student](i) continued in the program, and the results showed that they(i) profited from the experience. In these cases, had i not the option of using 'hann(s)' i would have no qualms about using 'they', and would not be startled by others' using it. (c) ?[The typical American high school student](i) believes that their(i) life will be more difficult than their(i) parents' was. (d) ?When [a person](i) looks at themselves(i) in the mirror, what might they(i) see? For me, these are a little awkward. They would be much improved if some relevant NP or verb were pluralized: (c') [The typical American high school student](i) believes that their(i) _lives_ will be more difficult than their(i) parents' _were_. (d') When [people](i) _look_ at themselves(i) in the mirror, what might they(i) see? Note that, in each of the examples so far, although the pronoun's antecendent may be grammatically singular it refers either to a set of undefined but possibly large cardinality or to an individual as merely a representative member of such a set. Thus the use of an etymologically plural pronoun can be justified (for me) on the basis of reference to such a set. In the following examples, however, it is clearly unique, individual human beings that are being referred to as such, and if i didn't have access to a pronoun clearly marked (in my own grammar) as [-plural, +epicene] i would be forced to avoid any personal pronoun at all by circumlocution (e.g. 'this person'). (e) You never told me you had [a pen pal in Spain](i). *Do you have a picture of them(i)? (f) Paul has [a new assistant](i) --You're kidding! *Have you met them(i)? (In fact, if i were to hear such usages, i would, i think, interpret them thus: 'The speaker is trying hard not to betray hanns assumptions about the sex of the pen-pal/assistant. Bet she's female.') In short, the reason i can't use 'they' as an epicene pronoun is that it is acceptable to me in only some but not all of the environments in which i find such a pronoun desirable. I would note that those environments that are most commonly raised, sarcastically by my challengers as well as seriously by prescriptive grammarians, as examples of the 'inadmissability' of 'they' as singular epicene, e.g. (a-b) above, are precisely the ones in which it is most acceptable to me. Further comments have come from people more deeply familiar with the Scandinavian (= North Germanic) languages than i, a native English-speaker. Some of them are disturbed by the adoption as an epicene form of what looks, from their background, like a blatant masculine pronoun. It has never been, nor is it now, any intention of mine to offend my Scandinavian colleagues. And if i were speaking or writing Icelandic i would certainly not want to use 'hann' where an epicene form would be appropriate. But i am here using English, and it is not unheard of for a word to be borrowed from one language to another and to undergo a semantic shift along the way. Witness 'beef', 'pork', 'veal', and 'mutton', which in Norman French all referred to animals, or 'hamburger' or 'wiener', which in German are adjectives derived from the names of cities, but which all in English refer only to types of food. As i said before, my goal in adopting 'hann' was to fill a personal need. The fact that English had already adopted a pronominal paradigm from Old Norse (i.e., 'they' itself) encouraged me to consider such a source. I was quite aware that in Old Norse and Modern Icelandic 'hann' is specifically masculine. But my attraction to it was compounded by its (near-)homonymy with the Finnish 'han', which is truly epicene in the sense of being clearly without gender referent (Finnish having no grammatical gender at all). If my Scandinavian colleagues would prefer, i would be willing to at least consider striking from it the extra 'n'. I have not done so in the past mainly in order to avoid confusion with the (extremely masculine) 'Star Wars' character Han Solo (whose name is pronounced the same way). Sincerely, Steven ------ Dr. Steven Schaufele c/o Department of Linguistics 712 West Washington Ave. University of Illinois Urbana, IL 61801 4088 Foreign Languages Building 707 South Mathews Street 217-344-8240 Urbana, IL 61801 fcosws@ux1.cso.uiuc.edu *** O syntagmata linguarum liberemini humanarum! *** **** Nihil vestris privari nisi obicibus potestis! **** -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-595. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-596. Mon 02 Aug 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 93 Subject: 4.596 Gender and Periphery Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 30 Jul 93 12:22:18 CDT From: Michael Picone Subject: Re: 4.585 Qs: Emoticons, Periphery, Gender -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 30 Jul 93 12:22:18 CDT From: Michael Picone Subject: Re: 4.585 Qs: Emoticons, Periphery, Gender In response to Paul T. Kershaw's posting on gender and periphery: The use of pluralized _women_ in constructions such as _women doctors_ has some parallel in a similar use of _men_. Compare _women-folk_, _men-folk_; _women friends_, _men friends_. Even _men doctors_, though not usual, would be acceptable. There is also a series after the pattern of _gentleman-farmer_ (1749) (gentleman-commoner, gentleman-rider, etc.) that are all pluralized in both constituents: _gentlemen-farmers_, etc. Using _women_ to accompany a professional designation normally or formerly reserved to men has a long history in English. The following attestations come from the OED (2nd ed., 1989): wymmen syngers 1382, woemen officers 1494, women ministers 1577, women doctors 1622, women-actors 1632, women-Anglers 1661. Other interesting early attestations are: women saints c.1610, women slaues (=slaves) 1614, and without pluralization: woman-physician 1533, woman-surgeon 1628. Compare _man nurse_ (1530). Using preposed _woman/women_ and especially _man/men_ in all sorts of metaphorical, fantasmagorical and teratological concoctions also enjoys a long history: man-devill (1600), man-Monster (1611, Shakespeare), Men-monster Manglers (1632), men-cattle (1814), men-sphinxes (1864), man-dog (1884), men-machines (1904), etc. The origin of the double pluralization, which is not permitted elsewhere, is an interesting puzzle. Though such double pluralization would be usual for French, the first possible foreign influence that comes to mind, it is unlikely that French is the source since parallel formations in that language didn't really become widespread until the 19th century, when the fantasmagorical varieties started appearing: hommes-oiseaux (1828), homme-loup (1831), hommes-chevaux (1862, Hugo), homme-chien (1873), femme-sirene (1885). In the twentieth century, this procedure was recruited to add designation of female gender where needed: une femme-medecin/des femmes-medecins. As shown, the addition of preposed _femme_ converts the whole costruct to feminine grammatical gender. In only a few cases does one find variation with a postposed version: une femme professeur, un professeur femme. The only earlier use in French has to do with double +human appositions and human + divine appositions: homme-femme (=androgyne, 1569), femme-fille (1759), homme-dieu (1797). Getting back to English pluralization, it seems to me that the irregularity of the English plurals _women_ and _men_ is relevant. Since English also allows compounding by adjunction of the possessive case, to allow double pluralizations generally would lead to structural confusion: cf. boyswear, *boys friends. The exception to this is in those cases where an irregular plural obtains that does not require /-s/ adjunction. Thus _menswear_, (not *manswear) _men friends_, because genetivity and plurality do not have overlapping surface representation. So what about _child prodigies_? Should *children prodigies have been acceptable according to my logic? Well, first off the linguistic legacy is different for _children_ which hasn't had the same combinatorial precedent handed down, perhaps partly because _childer/children_ has been less stable over the centuries, the latter finally winning out by analogy to _men_ & _women_. Also, for purely pragmatic reasons there has been far less historical need for compounds involving _child/children_ in both artistic and professional vocabulary. _Child prodigy_ comes with other baggage. It has lexicalized as a compound in a way that _woman doctor_ has not and this is an added factor inhibiting pluralization in a language like English where, for reasons possibly related in part to the foregoing, compound-internal pluralization is not allowed (this is not a universal, in French is it allowed for these kinds of compounds: enfants prodiges). Still, it seems to me that _children_ enjoys more liberty in combination with other nouns than do, for example, _girls_, _boys_, _ladies_, etc. where there is /-s/ adjunction. One might invent _children folk_ and _children friends_ but never *boys folk, *girls folk, *ladies folk, *boys friends, *girls friends, *ladies friends. Michael Picone U Alabama -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-596. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-597. Tue 03 Aug 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 75 Subject: 4.597 Jobs: Syntax/Semantics, General Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 3 Aug 1993 15:16:04 +0200 (cedt) From: tlp Subject: Temporary position in Syntax/Semantics 2) Date: Tue, 03 Aug 93 14:49:45 BST From: Linda Shockey Subject: job advert -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 3 Aug 1993 15:16:04 +0200 (cedt) From: tlp Subject: Temporary position in Syntax/Semantics PLEASE POST: TEMPORARY POSITION IN BUDAPEST The recently established Theoretical Linguistics Program of the Eotvos Lorand University/Central European University, Budapest, expects to have a grant to invite temporary lecturers every year. For the second semester of the coming academic year (February 1--June 30, 1994) we have the opportunity to invite 1 senior or 2 junior linguists to teach semantics and/or syntax at our Department. Applicants are required to have a Ph.D. Deadline of application: Oct. 15, 1993. Send applications to tlp@nytud.hu and/or Laszlo Kalman Theoretical Linguistics Program P.O.Box 19 1250 Budapest Hungary -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 03 Aug 93 14:49:45 BST From: Linda Shockey Subject: job advert The English Department of the Faculty of Letter, Sousse, Tunisia is in need of two linguistics teachers. They will teach phonetics, phonology, introduction to general linguistics, descriptive linguistics, and "The Structure of English." A Ph.D. or M.A. in linguistics is required. For further details, please contact: Dr. Taysir Kamlah 15, Pope's Lane Ealing, London, W5 (England) phone 081-579 8409 (Please do NOT contact llsshkey. this is a relayed message). The two teaching posts are available beginning October 1st, 1993. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-597. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-598. Wed 04 Aug 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 62 Subject: 4.598 Preprint Available: Harris (Phonemic Theory) Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 4 Aug 93 15:38:12 -0400 From: John Lawler Subject: Preprint Available: Harris (Phonemic Theory) -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 4 Aug 93 15:38:12 -0400 From: John Lawler Subject: Preprint Available: Harris (Phonemic Theory) Dear colleagues, The following paper is now available on the Linguistics Archive at linguistics.archive.umich.edu via anonymous FTP. Once you log on, follow these procedures: cd linguistics {brings you to the linguistics directory} cd papers {brings you to the papers directory} get {*Precisely* as spelled, including UPPER-case} If you want to download the PostScript driver to print the .ps papers, you should also type in a binary command before you execute the get Enjoy, - John Lawler jlawler@umich.edu Program in Linguistics linguistics-archivist University of Michigan linguistics.archive.umich.edu ************************************** contrast.ps PostScript: queue (or concatenate) postscrp.ini ahead of it postscrp.ini PostScript initialization file contrast.pln Flat ASCII, loses all font differentiations (subscript, etc.) Bruce Nevin, 49 Sumner Street, Gloucester MA 01930-1546, bn@bbn.com Harris the Revolutionary: Phonemic Theory (Revision of "Representations of Contrast: Features and phonemes"), to be presented at ICHoLS VI 8/14/93 at Georgetown. The Chomsky-Halle attack on taxonomic phonemics fails when applied to the phonemic theory of Zellig Harris. Other linguists sought to define contrast by analysis of phonetic data. For Harris, contrasts are observational primitives, given by the pair test, and associated with phonetic data. Distinctive features are an alternative representation. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-598. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-4-599. Wed 04 Aug 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 88 Subject: 4.599 Qs: Subjacency, Phoneme Frequency, Tree-Drawing Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 4 Aug 1993 12:15:18 -0400 (EDT) From: Ronald Fein Subject: Russian subjacency 2) Date: Wed, 4 Aug 1993 18:16:02 +0700 (GMT+0700) From: Gwyn Williams Subject: Thai Phoneme Frequencies 3) Date: Wed, 4 Aug 1993 04:32:28 -0500 (CDT) From: wachal robert s Subject: drawing trees -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 4 Aug 1993 12:15:18 -0400 (EDT) From: Ronald Fein Subject: Russian subjacency I'm attempting to find out syntactic movement constraints in Russian in a reasonably standard (no offense) GB framework. I've read in passing a claim that subjacency bounding nodes (in a pre-Barriers framework) in Russian might be {NP, IP, CP}, which would explain the impossibility of successive cyclic movement, as in: (1a) Ivan skazal, kogo Anna ljubit. (1b) *Kogo Ivan skazal, cto Anna ljubit? (2a) Ivan said who Anna likes. (2b) Who did Ivan say that Anna likes? If anyone has any information on this or any related effects, please let me know. Thanks in advance. Ron Fein 25 Ellery Street Cambridge, MA 02138 USA fein2@husc11.harvard.edu fein2@husc11.bitnet (617) 576-0640 ............. "But this one goes to 11." - Nigel Tufnel -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 4 Aug 1993 18:16:02 +0700 (GMT+0700) From: Gwyn Williams Subject: Thai Phoneme Frequencies Does anyone know of any list of phoneme frequencies for Thai? Gwyn Williams Thammasat University Bangkok -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Wed, 4 Aug 1993 04:32:28 -0500 (CDT) From: wachal robert s Subject: drawing trees Does anyone know of an easy-to-use program for drawing PS trees? I need something that will run under DOS or WINDOWS. Thanks in advance, Bob Wachal robert-wachal@uiowa.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-599. ________________________________________________________________ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-600. Wed 04 Aug 1993. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 38 Subject: 4.600 New Linguistics Department: University of Rochester Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editor: Ron Reck -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 4 Aug 1993 11:46:07 -0400 (EDT) From: Peter Lasersohn Subject: New Linguistics Department -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 4 Aug 1993 11:46:07 -0400 (EDT) From: Peter Lasersohn Subject: New Linguistics Department We are very pleased to announce that the University of Rochester has, as of July 20th, established a new Department of Linguistics in its College of Arts and Science. Many thanks for the generous support of all our colleagues at other institutions that has helped make this possible. --Department faculty (Greg Carlson, Charles Carlton, Yoshi Kitagawa, Itziar Laka, Peter Lasersohn, Demetrius Moutsos, David Perlmutter, and Ted Supalla; and joint appointments: James Allen (Computer Science), Dick Aslin (Psychology), Tom Bever (Psychology), David Braun (Philosophy), Elissa Newport (Psychology), Len Schubert (Computer Science), Mike Tanenhaus (Psychology)) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-4-600.